刑法中的明确性原则:一个比较法的研究  

Principle of Explicitness in Criminal Law:A Comparative Law Study

作　　者：李梁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2017年第5期163-171,共9页Law Review

基　　金：笔者主持的国家社科基金一般项目"环境犯罪刑法治理的早期化问题研究"(项目批准号:17BFX071)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：刑法明确性原则在德日具有宪法性地位,是刑法的首要原则;而在中国,刑法明确性原则还未获得宪法性地位,且在排序上处于刑法的目的与任务之后。德日的刑法理论和刑法立法均强调刑法明确性原则由罪的明确性和刑的明确性构成;而在中国,虽然理论上强调刑法明确性原则由罪的明确性和刑的明确性构成,但立法上主要强调的是罪的明确性。刑法明确性原则的具体实现途径在德日包括狭义的法律和空白刑法中需要参照的法律法规要明确,在少数情况下还要求特别授权的委任命令和判例具有明确性;而在中国,刑法明确性原则的具体实现途径除了要求狭义的法律和空白罪状中需要参照的法律法规具有明确性之外,还要求刑法司法解释具备明确性。通过比较研究发现,德日刑法明确性原则的法律地位和内部结构值得中国学习,但在具体实现途径上应当考量中国的特殊性。In Germany and Japan, the principle of clarity in criminal law has constitutional status, and it is the first prin- ciple of criminal law ; but in China, this principle has not yet obtained a clear constitutional status, and is committed to the pur- pose and task of criminal law in the value structure of criminal law. In Germany and Japan, both criminal theory and criminal legislation emphasize that the principle of clarity in criminal law is composed of crime＇s clarity and penaltgs clarity; but in Chi- na, although criminal theory emphasizes that the principle of clarity in criminal law includes crime＇s clarity and penalty＇s clarity, the criminal legislation attaches importance to crime＇s clarity. In Germany and Japan, the concrete realization way includes the laws in a narrow sense, the laws and regulations need to be referred in the blank criminal law and specially appointed orders and precedents in a few cases; but in China, except the laws in a narrow sense and the laws and regulations need to be referred in the blank criminal law, judicial interpretation of the criminal law is important realization way. After comparatively studying, we find that the status and inner structure of the principle of clarity in criminal law are worth learning in China, but the particu- larities in concrete realization way in China should also be seen.

关 键 词：德日刑法 中国刑法 明确性原则 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]