GUM与基于观测方程的测量不确定度评估  

GUM and Analysis of Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation Using Observation Equation

作　　者：胡红波[1] 孙桥[1] 杜磊[1] 范哲[1] 白杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《计量学报》2017年第5期656-660,共5页Acta Metrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2012YQ090208);国家质量监督检验检疫总局能力提升专项(ANL1613)

摘　　要：比较了GUM系列文件与贝叶斯方法评估不确定度的过程,说明GUM是以测量方程为基础的前向分析方法,而贝叶斯分析是以观测方程为基础、以数据分析为主的一种后向不确定度评估方法。运用概率模型的描述方法对上述两种分析过程进行了分析与比较,说明了两种方法在线性测量模型的条件下,不考虑被测量先验分布时两种结果基本一致,对于非线性的测量模型,GUM S1得到的结果与一定先验分布条件下的贝叶斯分析的结果也基本一致。最后通过实例说明了该结论。The process of uncertainty evaluation methods based on GUM serials and Bayesian analysis is compared, and it is derived that GUM uncertainty evaluation is based on measurement equation, and a forward uncertainty evaluation method, while Bayesian analysis is an inverse uncertainty evaluation based on observation equation. A probabilistic approach to analysis and comparison is used to the two approaches. It＇ s concluded that for linear model and with noninformative prior for the measurand both analysis can be applied and get the same result, but for non-linear model, only GUM S1 method and Bayesian analysis give the same result. The results are illustrated by examples.

关 键 词：计量学 不确定度评估 GUM 观测方程 贝叶斯分析 

分 类 号：TB9[一般工业技术—计量学]