南京国民政府农业合作运行机制研究——以20世纪30年代陕西农业合作运动为中心  

Study on the Agricultural Cooperative's Operating Mechanism of the Nanjing National Government:Based on Shaanxi Province in the 1930s

作　　者：王今诚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710127 [2]中国延安干部学院教学科研部,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第5期150-156,共7页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2013年度陕西省社会科学基金重大委托项目(13W001)

摘　　要：中国合作运动兴起的直接原因在于救济农村衰败。20世纪30年代,在国民政府、金融机构的共同促进下,农业合作事业发展迅速。各级政府通过立法、机构设置、政策机制,构建了从中央到地方的合作体系,基本完成了合作运动的顶层设计。为促进合作运动,地方政府始终关注合作组织的登记许可、业务管理、资金融通等事务,并给予切实指导。陕西采取分步骤、分地区推进合作运动的策略,开展合作教育、吸引农民加入合作组织,截至1937年,有70个县组建合作社、互助社、合作预备社5 988个,拥有社员约25万人,覆盖人口约125万人,合作运动改善了家庭农场生产经营方式,提高了农民生活水平,对农村经济的恢复和发展作用积极。The rise of Chinese agricultural cooperation movement relieved the decline of the rural economy. In the joint promotion of national governments,charities,financial institutions,rural cooperatives developed rapidly in 1930s. Through legislation,institutional settings,policy mechanisms,the central to the local system of cooperation was constructed,and the top-level system was basically completed. To promote cooperative movement,local government was concerned about registration license,business management,financing of cooperative organizations,then gave them practical guidance. Shaanxi took step by step and region by region strategies to develop educational cooperation and attract farmers to join cooperatives. By the end of 1937,there had been 70 counties where a total of 5988 cooperatives,credit union,preparatory cooperatives with about 250,000 members were set up,covering about 125 million people. To a certain extent,the agricultural cooperative movement improved a mode of agricultural production and operation,promoted recovery and growth of rural economy,and made peasants living standard improved.

关 键 词：南京国民政府 农业合作运动 陕西 合作社 

分 类 号：K263[历史地理—历史学] F129[历史地理—中国史]