论意思表示错误及我国民法典对其的借镜  

Discussion on Wrong Declaration of Will and the Reference of China's Civil Code

作　　者：陈华彬[1] Chen Huabin

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《法学杂志》2017年第9期31-43,共13页Law Science Magazine

摘　　要：意思表示错误系民法意思表示瑕疵的一种情形,其种类繁多、情形复杂,宜依不同类型的意思表示错误的特性而分别考量,由此为我国处理同类问题提供借镜。意思表示错误的效力为表意人于无过失的情形下可以将之撤销,唯除撤销的原因受害人明知或可得而知外,对于相信意思表示为有效而受损害的相对人或第三人,表意人应负信赖利益的损害赔偿责任。此外,还存在与意思表示错误相关联的误传、故意传达错误、未认真仔细阅读书面文件的签名错误、预先于空白书面文件上签名的错误及计算错误等错误形态。我国民法上的意思表示重大误解概念及制度系统应以意思表示错误概念及制度系统为依归或指向而予解释、补充和完善,由此实现我国民法上该项制度的与时俱进。The effect - intent in actor＇ s thoughts is unconsciously and accidentally inconsistent with his indication - intent called wrong declaration of will, which is one of the defect expressions in civil law. Because of the various types and complicated circumstances of wrong declaration of will, we should discuss different types of wrong declaration of will respectively on the basis of their characters in order to leave reference for China to tackle similar issues. The effect of wrong declaration of will is that no - fault actors can revoke their declaration of will. However, unless the victims know or should know the cause of the revocation, the actors have the compen- sation liability of reliance interest for the counterparty or the third party who believes the actors＇ declaration of will is valid and suffer loss. Legal nexuses such as misinformation, mistake in communication on purpose, wrong signature on legal document and miscalculation are all related with wrong declaration of will. The explanation, supplement and perfection of the concept of gross misunderstanding in declaration of will with its institutional system should be oriented toward or rely on the concept of wrong declaration of will as well as its institutional system in our legislation, so that the rules above in our civil law will keep pace with the times, revitalize and make a great metamorphosis.

关 键 词：意思表示错误 错误类型 错误的效力 重大误解 传达错误 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]