2006-2016年西安市学校流感样病例暴发疫情流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics for influenza-like illness outbreaks at schools in Xi'an city,2006-2016

作　　者：张辉[1] 王春娟[1] 雷超[2] 李倩[1] 谢龙[1] ZHANG Hui WANG Chun - juan LEI Chao LI Qian XIE Long(Infectious Disease Control Department of Xi＇an Municipal CDC,Xi＇an ,Shaanxi 710054, China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院附属梨园医院,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第17期3085-3088,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2006-2016年西安市学校流感样病例暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为今后的疫情防控提供参考。方法在《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》中搜集并整理该市2006-2016年报告的学校流感样病例暴发疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析。结果共报告暴发疫情16起1 179例,平均罹患率5.31%(1 179/22 221),无死亡病例。其中未分级疫情9起836例,一般级别疫情7起343例。疫情报告时间为5.5(3.25,7)d,峰值时间为5(2.5,8.75)d,持续时间为11.5(6.25,19.75)d;暴发场所以小学为主(10起);呈冬季单峰分布,集中在12月至次年1月(11起);临床症状以发热(≥38℃)、咳嗽和咽痛为主,分别占82.37%(757/919),52.23%(480/919),46.03%(423/919)。病例咽拭子标本核酸检测显示,5起暴发疫情由B型流感病毒引起,5起由甲型H3N2病毒引起,3起由甲型H1N1病毒引起,1起由腺病毒引起,1起由甲型H3N2和H1N1病毒混合感染引起,1起由B型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和肺炎支原体混合感染引起。结论西安市流感样病例暴发疫情高危场所以小学为主,冬季最易暴发流行,此时更要加强学校疫情监测并督促防控措施落实。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-ike illness（ILI） outbreaks at schools in Xi＇an city and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of ILI outbreaks at schools from National Public Health Emergency Reporting System during 2006 to 2016 was Collected and arranged. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive epidemiology method. Results A total of 16 school ILI outbreaks and 1 179 cases were reported accumulatively in Xi＇an city from 2006 to 2016. The attack rate was 5.31% （1 179/22 221 ）. There were 9 unrated events with 836 cases and 7 normal events with 343 cases of ILl outbreaks at schools. The medians of report and duration were 5.5 （3.25,7） and 11.5 （6.25,19.75） days, respectively, and the incidence peaked averagely 5 （2.5,8.75） days after the outbreak. The outbreaks had a single peak period and usually occurred from December to January of the next year （ 11 ILl outbreaks ,accounting for 68.75% ）. There were 10 ILl outbreaks （ accounting for 62.5% ） happened in primary schools. Fever （ ≥38℃ ） ,the main clinical symptom,occurred in 757 cases （82.37%）. A cough and a sore throat developed in 480 cases （52.23%） and 423 cases （46.03%）. Throat swab specimens of these outbreaks were collected. 5 influenza virus B outbreaks, 5 influenza virus A3 outbreaks,3 influenza virus A1 outbreaks,1 adenovirus outbreaks, 1 outbreak of mixed influenza virus A3 and A1,1 outbreak of mixed influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus and mycoplasma pneumoniae, all of them were diagnosed by the real - time PCR test. Conclusion Primary schools are the high - risk places where ILI emergencies usually happen. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and other infection - control measures of ILl outbreaks during wintertime.

关 键 词：流感样病例 暴发 流行病学分析 学生保健服务 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]