复绿基质客土的水分蒸发试验研究  

EVAPORATING TEST RESEARCH ON WATER OF CARRYING SOIL WITH RECOVER GREEN MATRIX

作　　者：万黎明[1] 余宏明[1] 孔莹[1] 曾红彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《工程地质学报》2017年第4期959-967,共9页Journal of Engineering Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41272377)资助

摘　　要：客土水分循环及水平衡是植被护坡研究的重要问题。以基质客土为对象进行蒸发试验,对距坡面不同深度处的含水率进行测定,观测自然日照下含水率随时间变化情况;采用微型蒸发器测试不同厚度、坡度、温度以及基质配比下的客土水分蒸发量值,以分析影响客土水分蒸发量的因子。结果表明:客土含水率随时间呈现阶段性的变化,其内部不同深度含水率值不同。含保水剂和泥炭的客土达到饱和时间较未添加的试样明显要短,表明其增大了客土的吸水性和吸水速率,但保水剂和泥炭的添加也降低了客土的重度。保水剂含量0%的试样11d累计蒸发量比添加0.2%保水剂客土高21.2mm,说明0.2%的保水剂和12%泥炭含量能明显减小客土蒸发速率,抑制客土水分散失。温度是影响客土蒸发量的直接因素,坡度和厚度通过影响含水量从而影响蒸发量,同时控制着蒸发过程的能量供给,坡度和厚度过大不利于客土自身稳定性,客土边坡坡度不宜大于1︰0.75,厚度控制在10~20cm,能极大增加植被有效持水量。Water cycle and balance of carrying soil is an important issue in the research of biotechnical slope protection. This paper takes the carrying soil with matrix as the research object to carry out evaporation test. The moisture content is measured at different depths of the slope. Moisture content changing with time under the natural sunlight is observed. This paper uses the micro-lysimeter to test the evaporation capacity at different thickness, slope, temperature and ratio of matrix of carrying soil. The result is used to analyze influence factors of evaporation capacity. The results show that the time of carrying soil with water holding agent and peat being saturated is significantly shorter compared with no water holding agent and peat, which indicates that they increase the water imbibition of carrying soil. However, the addition of water holding agent and peat soil also reduces the weight of soil. Eleven days cumulative evaporation of samples with 0. 2%water holding agent is 21. 2mm higher than that of samples with 0%water holding agent. It indicates that 0. 2%water holding agent and 12%peat can effectively reduce the rate of evaporation and water desorption. Moisture content presents periodic change over time. In addition, the moisture content is different at the different depths of samples. Among the influence factors, the temperature is the direct influence factor to the evaporation of carrying soil. The gradient and thickness affect evaporation through influencing the water content. At the same time, they also control the energy supply of evaporation process. But the big slope gradient and thickness are not conducive to the slope stability of carrying soil. It is recommended that the slope gradient of carrying-soil spray seeding be less than 1 ： 0. 75 and the thickness be controlled between 10cm and 20cm. So it can greatly increase the available water holding capacity of vegetation. The above research can provide the basis for the biotechnical slope protection.

关 键 词：客土 保水剂 蒸发量 护坡 

分 类 号：TU411.2[建筑科学—岩土工程]