汉江流域荆门段面源污染负荷时空分布与污染现状评价  

Spatial Distribution and Evaluation of Non-point Pollution Source in Jingmen Region of Hanjiang Watershed

作　　者：许策[1,2,3] 李晔 束继年[1] 李松炳[4] 李明高 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100084 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]武汉理工大学,湖北武汉430063 [4]湖北省环境科学研究院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2017年第4期63-68,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"库区小流域磷污染综合治理及水华控制研究与示范"(2012ZX07104-002)

摘　　要：[目的]对汉江流域荆门段面源污染负荷时空分布与污染现状进行分析和评价,为汉江水污染的治理提供科学依据。[方法]利用输出系数模型和等标负荷估算法,对汉江流域荆门段的面源污染负荷进行了空间分析和负荷估算,包括总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮(NH3-N),得出了汉江流域荆门段面源污染负荷及其空间分布状况。[结果]在所有污染源中,农村生活、畜禽养殖、降雨、土地利用和城镇径流是5个主要的面源污染源;该地区各市县总氮和总磷污染负荷与COD和氨氮污染负荷的输出量的排序均表现为:钟祥市>沙洋县>东宝区>掇刀区;各类污染源总氮贡献率排序为:农村生活>农业用地>畜禽养殖>降雨>非农业用地;各类污染物总磷贡献率排序为:畜禽养殖>农村生活>农业用地>非农业用地>降雨。[结论]总体来说,河流富营养化主要是由于农村污染物未经处理排放或处理措施不当引起的。[Objective] To provide scientific basis for the water pollution control of Hanjiang, the estimation based on the temporal and spatial distribution of non-point source pollution in Jinmen region of Hanjiang watershed was conducted. [Methods] The export coefficient model and the equivalent standard pollution index method were used to illustrate the temporal and spatial distribution and estimated the loads of the nonpoint source pollution in Jinmen region of Hanjiang watershed, including TN, TP, COD and NH3-N. [Results] Rural domestic wastes, livestock breeding, rainfall, land use and urban runoff are the major sources of non-point pollution. Based on the pollution stress, spatial distribution of the pollution source load of different cities was found in the following order. Zhongxiang City〉Shayang County〉Dongbao District〉 Duodao District. The contribution of different pollutant sources had a rank of urban runoff〈rainfall〈land use〈rural domestic wastes〈livestock breeding. [Conclusion] The poor management of pollutants, particularly of the sewage （none or inappropriate treatment）, might be the prominent reason of river eutrophication.

关 键 词：富营养化 面源污染 污染负荷 等标负荷污染系数 流域污染控制 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]