基于最小费用距离的土地整治生态网络构建  

Ecological Network Construction of County Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Based on Least Cost Distance Model

作　　者：路晓[1] 王金满[1,2] 李新凤[1] 冯宇 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [2]国土资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京100035

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2017年第4期143-149,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项"北方村庄压煤山丘区抗塌陷农田综合整治技术研究"(201411007-04)

摘　　要：[目的]构建土地整治生态网络体系,强化生态涵养功能,为减轻县域土地整治对生态环境的负面影响提供技术支撑。[方法]基于最小费用距离模型,利用ArcGIS软件的Cost Path模块生成最小路径,构建"节点—廊道—基质"为一体的生态网络结构;并运用Fragstats 4.2景观格局分析和ArcGIS缓冲区分析,对生态网络景观格局指数和土地利用结构进行了分析。[结果](1)通过选定生态系统服务价值功能大的节点作为关键节点进行重点建设,充分发挥了园林的绿肺功能;(2)通过加强廊道和基质建设,增加了景观连接度,实现了景观功能优化;(3)通过生态连通度优化,改善了现存生态网络斑块的数量和质量,提高了生物物种多样性。[结论]基于最小费用距离模型,通过景观格局指数分析将各种景观斑块整合成一个相对完整、稳定且连续的生态网络,使区域生态景观空间布局更加合理,可为县域土地整治生态网络构建提供理论依据和技术支撑。[Objective] In order to reduce the negative impact of land consolidation on the ecological environment, and to strengthen the ecological conservation function of county land, this paper constructed an ecological network system. [Methods] The path cost module of ArcGIS software was used to generate the least path and to construct the network structure of the ＂node corridor matrix＂. Moreover, Fragstats 4.2 landscape pattern analysis and ArcGIS buffer analysis were used to analyze the ecological network index of landscape pattern and land use structure. [Results] （1） The results showed that constructing the key nodes with high ecosystem service value function can exhibit the green lung function of the garden completely. （2） Strengthening the construction of corridor and matrix can increase the landscape connectivity and can realize the optimization of the landscape function. （3） Based on the optimization of ecological connectivity, the number and quality of the existing ecological network patch can be improved significantly, and the diversity of biological species can be increased markedly. [Conclusion] The path cost module was used to integrate landscape patches into a relatively complete, stable and continuous ecological network that can make the ecological landscape spatial distribution in the area more reasonable, which can provide theoretical basis and technical support for ecological network construction of land remediation.

关 键 词：土地整治 生态网络 最小费用距离模型 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]