罗马商法及其与“民法”的合一——以优士丁尼《法学阶梯》为考察对象  

Roman Commercial Law and Its Unity with “Civil Law”: Taking Justinian's Institutes as the Object of Research

作　　者：徐国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2017年第5期104-114,共11页Law and Social Development

摘　　要：民商合一是18世纪后拥有了部门法观念以后的命题。古罗马的市民法是世俗法的整体,天然地包括商法。罗马商法分为商事企业法和商事行为法。罗马商人阶层的地位相对低下以及民法的极大灵活性使罗马商法没有独立。民法仁慈而商法严苛,法律的仁慈化损害了商事活动的效率和精确,为求自保,中世纪强势的商人阶级打造了独立的商人法。商人法的诞生不等于商法的诞生,只是特定形式的商法的诞生。民商合一包括立法合一、司法合一和教学合一三个方面,没有哪个国家实现了以上三个合一。Unity of civil and commercial law is a thing after the 18th century when people began to divide the law into different departments according to their objects. The civil law of ancient Rome is the whole of secular law, which naturally includes commercial law. Roman commercial law is divided into commercial enterprise law and commercial conduct law. The relatively low condition of the Roman merchant class and the great flexibility of the civil law made Roman commercial law no independence. The civil law is merciful, while the commercial law is harsh. The mercy of the law undermines the efficiency and precision of commer- cial activities. For the sake of self-protection, the strong merchant class of the Middle Ages has created an independent businessman law. The birth of business law does not mean that the birth of commercial law, but the birth of a specific form of commercial law. The unity of civil and commercial law includes three aspects, namely legislation, judicature and legal teaching, and no country has achieved all of the three unities.

关 键 词：民法 商法 民商合一 民商分立 商人法 

分 类 号：D904.1[政治法律—法学理论]