南京市北郊冬季大气颗粒物中重金属污染研究  

Research on Heavy Metals in Particulate Matters in the North Suburb of Nanjing in Winter

作　　者：李凤英[1,2,3] 彭琴[1,2,3] 杨孟[1,2,3] 吴丹[1,2,3] 李慧明[4] 邓庆桃 许正文[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏南京210044 [2]江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [3]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210044 [4]南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化国家重点实验室,江苏南京210023 [5]华润电力江苏检修有限公司,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2017年第7期173-179,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(41301581);江苏省留学基金资助项目

摘　　要：为摸清南京市北郊不同粒径大气颗粒物的污染状况、来源及风险,于2014年冬季采集南京信息工程大学浦口校区观测场TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(5)、PM_(2.5)样品,并分析样品中As、Cr、Mn、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种元素。结果表明,TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(5)、PM_(2.5)浓度范围是9.09~37.12、12.88~29.55、10.61~29.55、59.85~153.79μg/m^3,其中PM_(2.5)超过国家二级标准的比例为66.67%;TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(5)和PM_(2.5)中元素的排序分别为:Cu>Zn>Mn>Pb>As>Cr>Ni;Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Cr>Ni>As;Zn>Pb>Cu>Mn>As>Cr>Ni;Zn>Pb>Mn>Cu>Ni>Cr>As。运用富集因子法和主成分分析法分析得到7种元素的来源主要包括交通源、地表扬尘、工业排放等;潜在生态风险评估显示生态风险为极强;健康风险评估显示PM_(2.5)中7种元素对小学生的危害最大,其次是中学生,对大学生的危害最小,其年均超额危险度均未超过人群可接受危险水平1×10-6,对人体危害在可接受范围。To investigate pollution status of As and 6 heavy metals in particulate matters of different sizes, as well as their sources, potential ecological risk and health risks, TSP, PMI0, PM5 and PM2.5 were collected in north suburb of Nanjing in winter of 2014, and 7 elements （As, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn） were analyzed. The concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM5 and PM2.5 were 9.09-37.12 μg/m^3, 12.88-29.55 μg/m^3, 10.61-29.55 μg/m^3, 59.85-153.79μg/m^3 and 66.67% of PM2.5 samplings were over the state standard Grade II. The orders of the 7 elements in TSP, PM10, PM5 and PM2.5 were respectively Cu〉Zn〉 Mn〉 Pb〉 As〉 Cr〉Ni, Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Mn〉Cr〉Ni〉 As, Zn〉Pb〉 Cu〉Mn〉 As 〉Cr〉Ni, Zn〉Pb〉Mn〉Cu〉Ni〉 Cr〉As. The enrichment factors of As, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were greater than 10, indicating that they were mainly from anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, principal component analysis （PCA） analysis was adopted, and it revealed that the main sources of the elements include traffic source, surface dust, industrial emissions, etc. Potential ecological risk assessment indicated that ecological risk is extremely strong. Health risk assessment was carded out and it revealed that middle school students suffer less than school children and more than university undergraduates. And all the annual average excessive risk were not in excess of recom-mended acceptable risk of 1×10^4.

关 键 词：大气颗粒物 重金属 源解析 潜在生态风险评估 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]