贵州地方梨品种资源遗传多样性ISSR分析  

Genetic diversity of pear(Pyrus L.) cultivar resources in Guizhou province analyzed by ISSR markers

作　　者：桂腾琴[1] 郭计华[1] 王颖娟[1] 梁娴[1] 张万芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]兴义民族师范学院生物与化学学院.贵州省民族药用生物资源研究与开发重点实验室,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第9期1076-1083,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：贵州省科技厅科学技术基金(黔科合J字[2013]2276号);黔西南州科技计划项目(2013-1);兴义民族师范学院院级重点项目(12XYZZ);贵州省科技厅联合基金(黔科合LH字[2014]7415号);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY(2016)327号)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨贵州地方梨品种资源的亲缘关系和遗传多样性,为品种资源的开发利用、品种鉴定提供理论依据。【方法】采用ISSR标记研究48份梨品种的遗传多样性。【结果】12对ISSR引物在48个梨品种中扩增出126个位点,其中多态性位点114条,多态性比率(PPB)为90.48%;所检测品种群体具有中等程度的遗传多样性,有效等位基因数Ne为1.487 4,Nei’s的遗传多样性指数(He)为0.285 2,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.430 7。采用NTsys 2.10e软件计算种质间Jaccard遗传相似系数,48个梨品种的遗传相似性分析表明,各基因型间的Jaccard相似系数为0.484~0.952。通过非加权算术平均数聚类法(UPGMA),绘制了48个梨品种遗传关系树状图。以0.67为阈值,将48份材料分为3大类群。【结论】供试48个梨品种遗传多样性丰富,大部分的砂梨品种聚在一起,白梨品种聚在一起。研究中发现,白梨和砂梨系统品种间存在广泛的种间杂交现象,种质之间渗入程度较大,但个别品种间的聚类结果与实际情况有所出入。Pear is part of the genera of the Rosaceae, Amygdaloideae, Maleae and Malinae plants. China is one of the origin places of pear. Pear had been cultivated for more than 3 000 years in our country. Although pear cultivar resources is the most abundant of resources in Guizhou province, because of land development, backward technology, the relatively concentrated mature period, diseases and serious pests, and environmental degradation, etc, a serious resource drain is occurring. There has been a gradual reduction in the genetic diversity of the pear germplasm resources with shrinking of the single va- riety and a few good varieties and also there are less export-oriented varieties. In addition, pear cuhivars have become confused. In the process of long-term natural hybridization, not were only various types of cultivars formed, but the genetic relationship also became more complicated among the pear breeds. Furthermore, introduction and cultivation became mutual in different regions, causing the emergence of homonyms or synonyms, resulting in the chaos of species classification. It is difficult to reflect the genetic relationship among cultivars by the morphological characteristics of the leaf and fruit. Hence, researching on the genetic diversity of pear variety resources is very important in Guizhou. This study was carried out, in order to determine the genetic diversity and relationship of the local Pyrus L. species which provided a scientific basis for the development of species classification and cuhivar identification of pear resources in Guizhou. [Methods ] Inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） assessment of genetic diversity in 48 local Py-rus L. species was carried out. [Results] The genetic parameters of 48 varieties were analyzed by using Popgene32 software. 12 primer pairs produced 126 loci of which 114 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 90.48%. It showed that Pyrus L. had abundant diversity. The average value of the ef- fective number of alleles, Nei＇ s gene diversity, and Shann

关 键 词：梨 贵州省 品种资源 遗传多样性 ISSR 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]