气力雾化风送式果园静电弥雾机的研制与试验  

Design and experiment of an air-atomized, air-assisted and electrostatic orchard sprayer

作　　者：王志强[1,2] 郝志强[1,2] 刘凤之[1,2] 王孝娣[1,2] 张敬国 王海波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [2]农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [3]潍坊市高密中等专科学校,山东高密261501 [4]山东省高密市益丰机械有限公司,山东高密261501

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第9期1161-1169,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-RIP-04);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-30-zp);农业部"948"重点项目(2011-G28)

摘　　要：【目的】解决我国葡萄产区植保作业劳动强度大、作业质量差、雾滴易飘移等问题。【方法】应用机械设计理论与方法,根据葡萄树体结构不同,采用分段、独立式喷雾结构设计方案,研制了一种与四轮拖拉机或履带拖拉机配套的、适于葡萄园作业的气力雾化风送式果园静电弥雾机。该机动力由拖拉机的后动力输出轴经万向传动轴输送到机具后方,带动空气压缩机、柱塞泵和风机工作。测试并分析了不同压力下的喷头喷雾量、开启和关闭风机时的雾滴尺寸,并对棚架、V型架和篱架栽培模式下的葡萄树进行了样机田间试验。【结果】当开启风机时,雾滴体积中径(VMD)为72μm,雾滴数量中径(NMD)为60μm,雾滴扩散比(DR)为0.83;而关闭风机时,VMD为110μm,NMD为80μm,DR为0.73。田间试验开启静电系统时,棚架、V型架和篱架3种栽培模式下葡萄树外层叶片正、反面的雾滴平均附着率分别为35.4%、89.4%,92.0%、44.0%和86.1%、34.4%,内层叶片正、反面的雾滴平均附着率分别为27.5%、71.0%,86.1%、34.4%和72.7%、31.1%;关闭静电系统时,棚架、V型架、篱架3种栽培模式下外层叶片正、反面的雾滴平均附着率分别为30.8%、76.9%,82.0%、40.0%和82.9%、36.8%,内层叶片正、反面的雾滴平均附着率分别为25.0%、65.4%,80.6%、32.1%和67.7%、29.6%。开启静电系统使棚架、V型架和篱架葡萄树外层叶片正、反面和内层叶片正、反面雾滴平均附着率分别提高了14.9%、16.3%、10.0%、8.6%,12.2%、10.0%、6.8%、7.3%和9.4%、12.5%、7.4%、5.1%。【结论】气力雾化、风送和静电相结合的弥雾技术增强了雾化效果,提高了雾滴的均匀性和吸附性,有效防止了雾滴的飘移。Abstract： [ Objective ] For solving the problems of large labor intensity, poor work quality and pesticide drift of plant protection in grape production areas of our country, improving the orchard mechanization lev- el and combining with the research status of anti-drift spray technology by domestic and foreign scientists. [Methods]The mechanical design theory and methods were applied and an air-atomized, air-assisted and electrostatic vineyard sprayer was developed in view of the characteristics of standardization vineyard in China, and the vineyard sprayer took the four-wheel tractors and crawler tractors as power and it was con- nected to tractors by the traction mechanism. The power was transferred to the rear components by the rear power output shaft and the universal joint shaft and the rear components such as the compressor, piston pump and fan were started. The main parts of the compressor, piston pump and fan and other components were fixed on the frame by the steady. The vineyard sprayer was made up of the air-atomized sys- tem, the air-assisted system and the electrostatic system. The compressor and the atomization nozzles were the core components of the air-atomized system. The compressor was selected in the light of the spray volume of the nozzles. The atomization nozzles were designed in accordance with the principle of air atomization. The air-assisted system was composed of the fan and the fan was chosen by the air flow and pressure. The number and size of the air outlets were determined by the different cultivation patterns of grapes. The electrostatic system was composed of the electrostatic generators and electromagnetic valves and its power was supplied by the battery of tractors. The charging way of the electrostatic system was contact charging and the high-voltage electrodes were connected directly to the atomization nozzles. The electrostatic generators were chosen because of the advantages which was that low-voltage power was required and the high-voltage static electricity was generated

关 键 词：果园 气力雾化 风送喷雾 静电喷雾 弥雾机 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]