大棚滴灌水肥一体化对番茄生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Fertigation Application on Growth and Yield of Tomato in Greenhouse

作　　者：于贤磊 窦超银[1,2] 孟维忠[2] 陈伟[2] 延玮辰 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利与能源动力工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]辽宁省水利水电科学研究院,辽宁沈阳110003

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第17期7-13,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：辽宁省科技攻关计划课题资助项目(2015103030)

摘　　要：以大棚番茄为研究对象,采用正交实验设计的方法研究了不同灌溉下限(15.6%、18.0%、20.4%)、施氮量(252.0、360.0、468.0kg·hm^(-2))和施钾量(302.4、432.0、561.6kg·hm^(-2))对番茄生长和产量的影响,并以传统沟灌灌溉作为对照,以确定适宜的水肥一体化灌溉施肥制度。结果表明:随着灌溉下限和氮、钾施用量的增大,株高、茎粗和叶面积指数(LAI)有减小的趋势,不同灌水下限和目标产量施肥量对株高和茎粗影响均不显著;在盛果期,低氮和低水处理LAI显著高于其它处理;与传统沟灌相比,滴灌具有增加产量的效果,考虑单因素作用,灌溉下限18.0%、施氮量360.0kg·hm^(-2)和施钾量432.0kg·hm^(-2)分别获得最高产量99.6、107.4、100.7t·hm^(-2),其次为低灌溉下限和低肥量,高水分下限和高施肥量产量最低,即灌溉下限、氮素和钾素用量过高和过低均不利于高产;3个因素对产量影响的大小顺序为施氮量>施钾量>灌溉下限,获得高产量的最优组合为N_2K_2W_2。由此可见,在研究区施肥是影响设施农业产量的主要因素,高施肥量不利于高产,以土壤含水量为18.0%,施氮量360.0kg·hm^(-2)和施钾量432.0kg·hm^(-2)进行水肥管理较为适宜。The experiments were carried out by using orthogonal test design.Tomato was taken as material,and irrigation limit （15.6%,18.0%and 20.4%）,dosage of nitrogen （252.0 kg·hm-2,360.0 kg·hm-2and 468.0 kg·hm-2） and potassium （302.4 kg·hm-2,432.0 kg·hm-2and 561.6 kg·hm-2） were conducted,while local furrow irrigation was used as check treatment.The results showed that,with the increasing irrigation limit and dosage of fertilizer,a decreasing trend of plant height,stem diameter and LAI was displayed;different irrigation limit and target yield dosage showed no significant effect on plant height and stem diameter,while at full productive stage,LAI treated with lower irrigation and lower nitrogen dosage was significantly higher than other treatments.Compared to the traditional furrow irrigation,drip irrigation had the effect of increasing yield.Considering the single factor,irrigation limit 18.0%,dosage of nitrogen 360.0 kg·hm-2and potassium 432.0 kg·hm-2 got the highest yield of 99.6 t·hm-2,107.4 t·hm-2 and 100.7 t·hm-2 respectively,which indicated that higher dosage and water content were adverse to yield,next lower dosage and water content.The order of the effective on the yield from high to low was dosage of nitrogen,dosage of potassium,and irrigation limit,and the optimum combination was N2K2W2.Therefore,in the research area,fertilizer was the key factor to the yield and showed negative effect with high dosage.When fertigation was applied in the greenhouse,18.0% as the irrigation limit,360.0 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen and 432.0 kg·hm-2 of potassium was recommended.

关 键 词：滴灌 灌溉下限 随水施肥 施肥量 植株性状 

分 类 号：S641.225.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]