宝天公路沿线土壤质量及植物物种多样性  

Forest Soil Environment Quality and Plant Species Diversity Along Baotian Highway

作　　者：李有文 王晶 查向浩 张胜楠 巨天珍[3] 

机构地区：[1]喀什大学化学与环境科学学院,新疆喀什844000 [2]新疆生物类固废资源化工程技术研究中心,新疆喀什844000 [3]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第17期125-131,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41161080)

摘　　要：选取宝天高速公路沿线天然林、次生林、人工林各7个样地采集土样和调查植被,研究了不同土地利用方式下森林土壤环境质量和群落植物的多样性,探讨了土壤性质及地形条件等生境因子对植物多样性的影响。结果表明:与甘肃小陇山天然林相比,宝天高速公路沿线森林土壤有机质、含水量、速效氮和速效磷平均含量分别下降了47.34%、56.08%、82.38%、36.27%;而土壤pH和速效钾含量分别增加了16.48%和47.14%。参照全国土壤养分分级标准,研究区土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾的含量处于中上水平,而速效氮较缺乏。内梅罗指数表明,土壤综合肥力系数表现为对照组(2.09)>天然林(1.50)>次生林(1.30)>人工林(1.12)。主成分分析表明,坡度和海拔是影响宝天高速公路沿线森林群落植物多样性差异的主要地形因子;土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾等养分含量和土壤pH是影响森林群落植物多样性的间接因子。All 21 samples of soil and vegetations selected from Baotian highway natural forest, secondary forest and artificial forest were investigated respectively, Tianshui, Gansu Province, and the quality of soil environment and the diversity of plant diversity were studied in different land use patterns, and the effects of habitat factors such as soil physical and chemical properties and topographic conditions on plant biodiversity were discussed. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter, water content, available nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased by 47. 34%, 56.08 %,82. 38 %,36. 27% along the Baotian highway, respectively; the average contents of soil available potassium and pH increased respectively by 16.48% and 47. 14%, compared with the Xiaolongshan forest in Gansu Province. According to the national soil nutrient classification standards, the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium of the study area were in the middle and upper level, but the available nitrogen was relatively lack. Nemerow index showed that the soil comprehensive fertility coefficient followed a pattern of control group （2.09） natural forest （1.50） 〉 secondary forest （1.30） 〉 artificial forest （1.12）. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that the slope and elevation were the main factors affecting the diversity of forest communities along the Baotian highway, while the soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium and soil pH were indirect factors.

关 键 词：高速公路 土壤质量 植物多样性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S718.51[农业科学—林学]