不同年龄阶段老年人的幸福感、心理压力与心理弹性研究  

A study of happiness,stress and mental resilience of elderly of different ages

作　　者：江虹[1] 徐晶晶[1] 王瑞[1] 伊向仁[2] 周雅茹[3] 潘芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学基础医学院医学心理学与伦理学系,山东济南250012 [2]山东大学体育学院,山东济南250061 [3]山东大学公共卫生学院,山东济南250012

出　　处：《山东大学学报（医学版）》2017年第9期11-16,共6页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：科技部基础性工作专项(2015FY111600)

摘　　要：目的探讨不同年龄阶段老年人的幸福感、心理压力与心理弹性。方法采用整群取样的方法,以人脸量表、知觉压力量表和心理弹性量表对某社区622名60岁以上的老年人进行调查研究。结果老年人的幸福感随年龄增加呈现动态变化,表现为60~岁组老年人幸福感最高,65~岁组开始下降,70~岁组老年人幸福感最低,此后一直维持在较低的水平。80~岁组老年人的心理压力最低,与其他年龄组相比有统计学差异。60~岁组和65~岁组老年人的心理弹性得分显著高于80~岁组和85岁及以上组。配偶健在、身体健康状况很好和较好及收入状况好的老年人幸福感水平更高。离异者的心理压力最大,收入状况较好者的心理弹性更高。年龄、婚姻状况、收入、身体健康状况和心理弹性与幸福感显著相关,且心理弹性具有最大效应值。年龄、收入、身体健康状况和心理压力与心理弹性显著相关,心理压力具有较大效应值。婚姻状况、身体健康状况和心理弹性是幸福感的预测因子;性别、身体健康状况和心理压力是心理弹性的预测因子。结论老年人的幸福感随年龄增加而降低,高心理弹性者幸福感高,心理压力和身体健康状况通过降低心理弹性影响老年人的幸福感。Objective To explore the happiness,stress and mental resilience of elderly of different ages.Methods A total of 622 elderly aged over 60 years who lived in the same community were investigated with the Face Scale,Perceived Stress Scale（PSS） and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISC）.Results The happiness of elderly displayed dynamic changes with aging,the 60-year group had the highest happiness,the 65-year group had declining happiness,and the 70-year group had the lowest happiness,which then remained at a low level with aging.The 80-year group had the lowest stress compared with other groups.The 60-year group and 65-year group had significantly higher scores of CD-RISC than the 80-year group and 85-year group.Elderly with good physical health,living with spouse and good income had high level of happiness.The divorced group had the highest stress score,and the moderate-income group had the best mental resilience.Age,marital status,income,physical health and mental resilience were significantly correlated with happiness,among which mental resilience had the greatest effect.Age,income,physical health and stress were significantly related to mental resilience,among which stress had the greatest effect.Marital status,physical health and mental resilience were the predicators of happiness.Gender,physical health and stress were the predicators of mental resilience.Conclusion Happiness of elderly changes dynamicly with aging.Elderly with higher mental resilience have higher level of happiness.Stress and physical health can reduce resilience,which influences the level of happiness.

关 键 词：增龄 老年人 幸福感 心理弹性 心理压力 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]