城市老年人的孤独感与社会支持的增龄性变化及影响因素  

Age-related changes and influencing factors of loneliness and social support in urban elderly

作　　者：江虹[1] 徐晶晶[1] 王瑞[1] 周雅茹[2] 伊向仁[3] 潘芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学基础医学院医学心理学与伦理学系,山东济南250012 [2]山东大学公共卫生学院,山东济南250012 [3]山东大学体育学院,山东济南250061

出　　处：《山东大学学报（医学版）》2017年第9期17-22,共6页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：科技部基础性工作专项(2015FY111600)

摘　　要：目的调查城市老年人的孤独感、社会支持及影响因素。方法以整群取样法对某城市社区622名60岁以上的老年人进行一般资料、加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表简版和领悟社会支持量表调查。结果 75~岁组老年人的孤独感评分最低,80~岁组孤独感评分最高。家庭外支持在75~岁以后显著降低,社会支持总分和家庭内支持分80~岁组最低。经济状况很好组的孤独感最高,经济状况较好组的家庭内支持最高。离异组的孤独感得分最高,丧偶组的社会支持总分和家庭内支持低。健康状况一般和较差的老年人孤独感高,且家庭外支持低。老年人的孤独感与家庭收入低、婚姻状况差和健康状况不佳呈显著正相关,与社会支持呈显著负相关。性别、年龄、收入、健康状况、家庭内和家庭外支持对孤独感具有显著的预测作用。结论城市老年人的孤独感和社会支持呈现增龄性变化;老年人的孤独感与家庭收入、婚姻状态、健康状况和社会支持具有相关性。年龄、性别、家庭收入、健康状况和社会支持是老年人孤独感的预测因子。Objective To investigate the loneliness,social supports of urban elderly and the influencing factors.Methods A total of 622 healthy people over 60 years were enrolled.All subjects filled in the general information questionnaires,the loneliness scale and perceived social support scale of University of California,Los Angles（UCLA）.Results In the different age groups,the 75-year group had the lowest loneliness score,while the 80-year group had the highest.Social support within family decreased at the age of 75,and the 80-year group had lowest levels of social support and support within family.In the different income groups,the high-income group had the highest loneliness score,and the moderate-income group had the highest social support within family.In the different marital status groups,the divorced group had significantly higher loneliness score compared with ordinary group and widowed group.Meanwhile,the divorced and widowed groups had less social support and support within family.In the different health status groups,the general-health group and poor-health group had significantly higher loneliness scores and less support within family than the good-health group.Loneliness was positively associated with low income,unhappy marriage and poor health,and negatively correlated with social support.Age,gender,family income,health condition and support within and outside family had significant prediction effects on loneliness.Conclusions Loneliness of urban elderly changes along with aging,which is correlated with income,marital status,health condition and social support.Age,gender,family income,health condition and social support are predictors of loneliness.

关 键 词：孤独感 社会支持 老年人 健康 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]