分区域变尺度网格的社区火灾场景数值仿真  

Numerical simulation of a community fire scene based on subregional variable-scale meshing

作　　者：张琳[1,2] 黄晓霞[1] 李红旮[1] 李霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国图象图形学报》2017年第9期1302-1313,共12页Journal of Image and Graphics

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划基金项目(2015BAJ02B03;2014BAL04B06)~~

摘　　要：目的火灾场景数值仿真对消防救援和应急疏散具有重要意义。火灾场景仿真需要对室内外地物及环境进行精细建模和大量数值计算,而传统地图和空间分析无法满足日趋复杂的建筑物消防场景表达。为此本文基于室内外地图研究基础,构建面向社区安全的火灾场景数值仿真模型。方法通过传统制图技术建立社区地物分布模型,利用室内制图技术建立建筑物内部场景,利用3维建模技术重建社区室内外3维模型,引入火灾数值模拟方程进行仿真计算。根据社区建筑物分布和其内部结构复杂程度的差异,提出分区域变尺度的网格划分方法,以提高计算效率。结果通过对红树湾社区进行"精细"、"粗糙"和"分区域变尺度"3种不同方法的仿真实验,分析火灾模型的计算速度、温度场及烟气扩散情况。与精细网格方法相比,分区域变尺度方法和粗糙网格方法的计算速度是其8倍和24倍,烟气最低能见度误差为2 m和13.5 m,分区域变尺度方法相较于粗糙网格方法与精细网格方法的温度变化曲线更加吻合。分区域变尺度方法的模拟精度更接近于精细网格方法,同时效率得到提升。结论本文提出的火灾场景仿真模型将室内制图应用扩展到社区消防研究,实验结果表明,所提出的分区域变尺度网格划分方法能够在保证数值模拟精度的前提下提高仿真效率,具有重要的应用价值。Objective The community is one of the main places in a city where humans reside. Community security is an important part of the development of a harmonious society. Fire disaster is one of the main factors that threaten community security. A large number of accidents show that toxic fire fumes and a high-temperature environment are the main causes of casualties. A numerical simulation model can analyze smoke flow and temperature distribution that are caused by fire. Therefore, research on community fire scene simulation models is important to fire rescue and emergency evacuation. Fire scene simulation requires models for indoor and outdoor objects and the environment, as well as a large number of humerical calculations. However, a traditional map cannot meet the aforementioned requirements. Method In this study, we propose a fire scene numerical simulation model for community security based on a research on indoor and outdoor maps. The model is required to establish the distribution of community objects through traditional mapping technology. It utilizes indoor mapping technology to create the interior scene of buildings. The contents of the indoor map include the door, fire facility, passage, and room range layers. The contents of the outdoor map include community boundaries, transportation, vegetation, residential buildings, fire facilities, and other layers. A 3D fire scene model is reconstructed using 3D model- ing technology. A fire numerical equation is imported to calculate the simulation. The model can be displayed in 3D dy- namics. The fire numerical simulation is calculated using the Fire Dynamic Simulation （FDS） software, which was devel- oped by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the USA. FDS solves the fire numerical simulation equation to calculate the smoke diffusion and heat transfer processes in a single grid as a unit. In theory, a fine grid size provides accurate calculation results. Under the same calculating volume conditions, if a fine grid size is designed, then numer

关 键 词：火灾场景仿真 室内制图 分区域变尺度网格 3维建模 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] P28[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]