冷害胁迫对西瓜幼苗生理和结构的影响  

Effects of cold stress on physiology and structure of watermelon seedling

作　　者：吴鹏[1] 郭茜茜[1] 

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2017年第9期8-12,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：齐齐哈尔大学青年教师科研启动支持计划项目(2014k~M20);齐齐哈尔大学博士科研启动金项目(001058)

摘　　要：以西瓜品种‘京欣一号’和‘特大懒汉王’为试验材料,3叶1心时5℃低温处理0、3、6、9 d,计算西瓜幼苗冷害指数,测定根的干鲜质量和根系活力、叶片的干鲜质量、组织含水量、相对含水量、水分饱和亏及光合色素含量,同时,利用石蜡切片观察叶片的超微结构。结果表明,5℃冷胁迫0~6 d‘特大懒汉王’的冷害耐受性优于‘京欣一号’,9 d时二者的冷害耐受性无明显差别。冷胁迫过程中,‘京欣一号’和‘特大懒汉王’的叶片和根的干鲜质量比均减小,叶片饱和水分亏波动变化,光合色素含量积累减少。‘特大懒汉王’的根总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和根活跃吸收百分比变化都较‘京欣一号’更活跃。冷胁迫使叶片的上表皮和下表皮厚度减小,栅栏组织/海绵组织的值不断减小。In this study, ＇Jingxin No. 1＇ and ＇Teda Lanhanwang＇ were used as materials which treated with low temperature of 5℃ for 0, 3, 6, 9 d, and we analyzed watermelon seedling chilling index, fresh and dry weight of roots and root activity, and the fresh and dry weight, tissue water content, relative water content, water saturation deficit and photosynthetic pig- ment content of leaves. At the same time, the uhrastructural changes of leaves were observed by paraffin sections. The re- suhs showed that when under 5 ℃ chilling stress, the cold tolerance of ＇Teda Lanhanwang＇ was better than ＇Jingxin No. 1＇ in 0-6 d, and there was no significant difference between them after 9 d. During the chilling stress, the dry and fresh weight ratio of leaves and roots of ＇Jingxin No. l ＇ and ＇Teda Lanhanwang＇ decreased, and the saturated water deficit of leaves changed, and the content of photosynthetic pigment decreased. The total absorption area, the active absorption area and the percentage of active absorption percentage of ＇Teda Lanhanwang＇ root were more active than those of ＇Jingxin No. 1 ＇. The thickness of the upper epidermis and the lower epidermis of leaves decreased under chilling stress, and the ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue decreased.

关 键 词：西瓜 冷胁迫 生理指标 超微结构 

分 类 号：S426[农业科学—植物保护] S651