临安市农地土壤氮磷钾现状与历史演变及施肥对策  

Present Status and Historical Evolution of N, P, and K in Farmland Soils in Lin'an City and Fertilization Countermeasures

作　　者：邬奇峰[1] 阮弋飞[1] 章林英 黄仨仨[1] 应学兵[1] 俞俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]临安市农技推广中心,浙江临安311300 [2]杭州市植保土肥总站,杭州310020

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第23期42-50,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业部测土配方施肥项目(浙农计发{2008}16号)

摘　　要：为了解土地利用方式与施肥对临安市农地土壤肥力的影响及农地土壤肥力的演变趋势,于2008—2010年间对全市农地土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾进行了全面的采样分析。调查表明:由于利用方式和施肥水平的差异,临安市农地土壤氮、磷、钾水平存在较大的空间异质性,土壤有效磷和速效钾在不同地理位置、不同土地利用方式间存在很大的差异。总体上,全氮的变化比有效磷和钾小;3种土壤养分中,有效磷最为丰富,而速效钾缺乏最为明显。雷竹林地土壤中有效磷和有效钾有明显的积累,部分磷积累过度的农地已开始对环境产生影响;但粮地、茶叶和山核桃林地土壤的缺磷、缺钾较为明显。与第二次土壤普查相比,土壤有效磷呈现增加趋势,而速效钾有下降的迹象。研究认为,在临安市农地培肥中应适当增加粮地、茶叶和山核桃林地肥料的投入;控制雷竹林地肥料的用量;重视有机肥的施用和有机-无机肥料的配合施用。To study the effect of land use patterns and fertilization on the soil fertility, and the evolution trendof soil fertility of farmland in Ling＇an, situation of total nitrogen, available N, P and K of all farmland soils wereinvestigated from 2008 to 2010 by sampling. The results showed that the differences in both land use andfertilization level had resulted in significant spatial heterogeneity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium infarmland soils in Ling＇an, there were great variations in soil available P and K among different locations anddifferent land use patterns. Totally, spatial variation of soil total N was less than that of available P and K;among the three kinds of nutrients, available P was the most abundant, while available K was the mostdeficient. Available P and K were significantly accumulated in Lei bamboo forest soils, some soils had begun toshow a negative impact on environments; however, there were significant deficiencies of available P and K inthe soils for production of grain, tea, and hickory nut. Compared with results of the Second General Soil Survey,available P in farmland increased significantly while available K tended to decrease. It suggested that input offertilizers should be increased in the soils for production of grain, tea, and hickory nut; input of fertilizers in Leibamboo forest soils should be controlled; attention should be paid to organic fertilizer application and organic-inorganic combined fertilization.

关 键 词：临安市 农地土壤 养分 合理施肥 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]