打叶留顶对烤烟上部叶和根系养分、烟碱及其合成酶的影响  

Effects of Keeping Topping and Threshing on Nutrient,Nicotine and Enzyme Activity of Upper Leaves and Root of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：罗斐 陆新莉 李朝阳[2,3] 武丽[2] 李章海[3] 刘雪梅 张庆珠 唐兴贵 

机构地区：[1]贵州省黔南州烟草公司,贵州都匀558000 [2]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036 [3]中国科学技术大学烟草与健康研究中心,安徽合肥230051

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第10期2023-2031,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省黔南州科技局重点科技项目(黔南科合农[2013]34)

摘　　要：为探索顶端调控技术对烤烟上部叶烟碱含量影响及其生理指标变化规律,提高上部叶的工业可用性,采用框式盆栽试验研究了打叶留顶技术对烤烟上部叶和根系中的氮、钾养分、烟碱含量及其主要合成酶、生长素含量等生理指标的动态影响。结果表明,顶部处理后,上部叶和根系的干物质积累均表现为常规打顶>打叶留茎>打叶留花,打顶后40 d,常规打顶和打叶留茎的上部叶干物质积累分别较打叶留花增加32.55%和5.99%。上部叶中氮、钾素含量均以打叶留花较高,但积累量以常规打顶较高,打顶后40 d,常规打顶的氮和钾素积累较打叶留花高出39.73%和40.35%。上部叶和根中烟碱含量和积累量均表现为常规打顶>打叶留茎>打叶留花,打顶后40 d打叶留花和打叶留茎的烟碱积累量较常规打顶分别下降53.72%和35.82%。顶部处理后,打叶留花烟株的根系体积增幅较少,根活、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)、腐胺-N甲基转移酶(PMT)和N-甲基腐胺氧化酶(MPO)活性变化总体稳定,生长素(IAA)含量变幅不大;而常规打顶和打叶留茎的根系体积、根活、ODC、PMT、MPO活性和IAA含量变幅较打叶留花明显增强,打顶后10 d,常规打顶的根活、ODC和IAA分别较打叶留花提高36.68%、119.61%和74.19%。根系烟碱合成与根活、IAA含量和烟碱合成酶呈正相关。打叶留顶技术不同程度调控根系烟碱合成酶活性和生长素合成,减弱根系二次发育及其合成烟碱能力,从而调节了上部叶的氮、钾养分吸收和烟碱含量。本研究改善了烤烟内在质量,提高了烤烟工业可用性。To explore the effects of topping-control technology on nicotine content in upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco and its physiological indexes,improve the industrial availability of upper leaves,the dynamic changes of nitrogen,potassium and nicotine content and physiological indexes such as synthetase activity and endogenous hormone in upper leaves and root system in box plot by topping-regulation were studied in this paper. The results showed that dry matter accumulation in upper leaves and root follow the order of topping 〉 keeping stem unremoved 〉 keeping flower unremoved,and tobacco by topping and keeping stem unremoved were higher than that of keeping flower unremoved by32. 55% and 5. 99% at 40 d. The contents of Nitrogen and potassium in upper leaves by keeping flower unremoved were the highest,but the accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in upper leaves by topping was the highest. Nitrogen and potassium accumulation in upper leaves by topping were higher than that by keeping flower unremoved by 39. 73% and40. 35% at 40 d. The nicotine content and accumulation in upper leaves and roots followed the order of topping keeping stem unremoved keeping flower unremoved. Nicotine accumulation of keeping flower and stem unremoved were decreased by 53. 72% and 35. 82% compared with the topping at 40 d. The increase degree of root volume of keeping flower unremoved was low,root activity,ornithine decarboxylase（ODC）,putrescine-N methyltransferase（PMT） and N-methyl putrescine oxidase（MPO） activity remained unchanged overall,and the content of auxin（IAA）changed a little; while root volume,root activity,ODC,PMT,MPO activity and IAA content of topping and keeping stem unremoved treatments significantly enhanced than those of keeping flower unremoved. Root activity,ODC and IAA content of topping were increased by 36. 68%,119. 61% and 74. 19%,respectively,compared with keeping flower unremoved at 10 d. Root nicotine synthesis and root activity,the content of IAA and the activity of nicotine synthetase we

关 键 词：打叶留顶 烤烟 养分 烟碱 合成酶 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]