上海市某化工区液氨储罐泄漏危害风险分析  

Analysis on hazard risk of liquid ammonia tank leakage in a chemical industry zone of Shanghai

作　　者：吴金贵[1] 唐传喜[1] 卢国良[1] 金蓓[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测管理科,上海200051

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第15期2025-2028,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的用定量评估方法探索上海市某化工区液氨储罐泄漏的健康危害。方法选择上海市某化工区某公司液氨储罐为研究对象,应用高斯烟羽模型,使用MATLAB分析软件,模拟3种泄漏液氨泄漏速率在不同气象条件下扩散的浓度分布及危害范围。结果在假定泄孔为80 mm×5 mm裂逢、42 mm和85 mm孔径的圆孔。泄漏速率分别为8.1、28.5和113.8 kg/s。在风速为2.9 m/s,113.8 kg/s泄漏速率,夜间各类健康危害距离最大,下风向危及生命浓度距离为997 m,横风向为116 m;导致重伤浓度下风向距离和横向距离分别为1 829、190 m;致轻伤浓度下风向和横向距离分别为2 423、238 m;同等泄漏速率和大气稳定度,风速越大,下风和横风向各类危害距离越小;夜间的危害距离大于白天。结论在假定的泄漏条件下,周边居民基本安全,但周边企业员工存在健康危害风险。[Objective]To explore the hazard risk of liquid ammonia tank leakage in a chemical industry zone of Shanghai by the quantitative assessment method.[Methods]The liquid ammonia tank in a chemical industry zone of Shanghai was selected as the object of study. On the basis of Gaussian model,the concentration distribution and damage range of liquid ammonia at 3 leakage rates under different weather conditions were simulated by using MATLAB software.[Results]The leakage points were assumed to be 80 mm ×5 mm crack and circular holes with diameter of 42 mm and 85 mm,and the leakage rates were 8.1,28.5 and 113.8 kg/s,respectively. The range of health hazards was the greatest at night with the wind speed of 2.9 m/s and the leakage rate of 113.8 kg/s,the life-threatening concentration distance was 997 m in down wind direction and 116 m in across wind direction respectively,the serious injuries concentration distance was 1 829 m in down wind direction and 190 m in across wind direction respectively,while the minor wound concentration distance was 2 423 m in down wind direction and 238 m in across wind direction respectively. Under the same leakage rate and atmospheric stability,the concentration distance of hazards in the down wind direction and across wind direction decreased with the increase of wind speed. The harm distance of night was greater than that of daytime.[Conclusion] Under the assumed leakage conditions,the surrounding residents are basically safe,while the employees in enterprises around the leakage point have health risks.

关 键 词：高斯烟羽模型 液氨泄漏 危害评估 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]