甲苯二异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯对职业暴露人群健康的影响  

Health influences of toluene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate on occupational exposure populations

作　　者：曹冬冬[1,2] 胡晓宇[1,2] 常晓燕[1,2] 罗虎[1,2] 刘浏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013 [2]北京市预防医学研究中心,北京100020

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第15期2037-2039,2042,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的探讨甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)对职业暴露人群可能造成的健康效应。方法回顾性分析2014年北京市某汽车部件生产企业职业人群89人,根据是否从事异氰酸酯作业,分为接触组(48人)和对照组(41人)。采用气相色谱法对工作场所空气中TDI、MDI的含量进行分析,采用全自动血液分析仪测定血常规,采用全自动生化分析仪分析血生化指标,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定血清中总免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)和总免疫球蛋白M(IgM),并对实验结果进行统计分析。结果作业场所空气中TDI、MDI的浓度分别为0.004 4~0.055、0.007 4~0.001 4 mg/m^3,均未超过国家限值标准。接触组人群单核细胞百分率(MONO%)显著高于对照组,中性粒细胞数(NEUT)显著低于对照组,血清中总IgG含量显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。而血常规其他指标、血生化指标和总IgE、总IgM,两组之间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论虽然作业场所空气中TDI、MDI的浓度未超过国家限值,但仍可能对接触人群的健康产生一定的影响,应引起足够重视,进行长期监测。[Objective]To explore the possible health influences of toluene diisocyanate（TDI）and diphenylmethane diisocyanate（MDI）on occupational exposure populations.[Methods]89 workers in an auto parts manufacturing enterprises of Beijing in 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,including 48 workers exposed to TDI and MDI（exposure group） and 41 management staff（control group）. Concentrations of TDI and MDI in workplace were analyzed by gas chromatographic method,routine blood test was conducted by automatic blood analyzer,blood biochemical parameters were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer,the levels of serum total immune globulin G（IgG）,total immune globulin E（IgE）and total immune globulin M（IgM）were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）,and the results were statistically analyzed.[Results]The concentrations of TDI and MDI in workplace were 0.004 4-0.055 and 0.007 4-0.001 4 mg/m^3 respectively,which were lower than the national limit standards. The percentage of monocytes（MONO%）in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group,whereas the neutrophil count（NEUT） and serum total IgG level in the exposure group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P〈0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of other routine blood test indexes,blood biochemical parameters,total IgE and total IgM between the control group and exposure group（all P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]Although the concentrations of TDI and MDI in workplace meet the national limit standards,there are still the health influences on occupational exposure populations. It is necessary to pay more attention to this issue and take a long-term health monitoring.

关 键 词：异氰酸酯 空气监测 健康影响 总免疫球蛋白G 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]