汽车制造业职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响  

Effect of occupational hazards on health of workers in automobile manufacturing

作　　者：李飞辉[1,2] 唐玉樵 程淑群[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市职业病防治院体检中心,重庆400060 [2]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,重庆400016

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第15期2145-2148,2152,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：汽车制造业是国民经济重要的支柱产业,职业人群逐年增多,汽车制造业职业病危害因素对工人的健康影响也引起广泛关注。汽车制造工艺包含了冲压、焊接、涂装、总装四大类。汽车制造业存在的职业病危害包括粉尘、化学因素、物理因素、负重、不良体位和重复性劳动等。汽车制造行业职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响涉及多个系统和器官,主要累及呼吸系统、听觉系统、血液系统等,引起尘肺、职业性噪声聋、白血病等职业损害。作者从汽车制造业的工艺流程、存在的职业病危害因素以及对健康的影响几个方面综述了汽车制造业职业病危害因素对工人健康影响研究进展的情况。为进一步深入研究提供参考。Automobile manufacturing is one of the important pillar industries in the country,and the occupational population is increasing year by year. The effect of occupational hazards on health of workers in automobile manufacturing has aroused widespread concern. Automobile manufacturing process mainly includes stamping, welding, painting and assembling. There are many occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing,such as dust,chemical factors,physical factors,heavy load,bad postures and repetitive work. The effect of occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing on health of workers involves multiple systems and organs,mainly in respiratory system,hearing system and blood system,resulting in pneumoconiosis,occupational noise-induced deafness,leukemia and other occupational injuries. The authors review the research progress on effect of occupational hazards on health of workers in automobile manufacturing from technological process,occupational hazards and health effects,and provide reference for further research.

关 键 词：汽车 职业病危害 健康影响 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]