被删除与被遮蔽的政治实践——论《地下室手记》的被审核及其对作家意图的颠覆  

The Deleted and Overshadowed Political Practice——On the Censorship and overthrow of Dostoevsky's Intention in Notes from the Underground

作　　者：杨洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2017年第3期52-58,共7页Russian Literature & Arts

摘　　要：《地下室手记》应被视作陀思妥耶夫斯基表达其根基主义立场的政治实践,但沙俄的书报审查对文本的删减阻碍了作家主导思想的表达,颠覆了作家的政治意图。被审核的文本成为20世纪宗教哲学家和文学评论家建构《地下室手记》世界文学史意义的物质基础,而其中最具影响力和代表性的解读策略是用尼采和存在主义哲学分析"地下室人"的话语。这两种解读方法存在着思想史发展脉络的合理性;但由于忽视文本被删减的历史事实,这两种阐释都误解并遮蔽了作家原本的政治意图。Notes from the Underground should be regarded as a political practice of Dostoevsky＇ s Pochvennichestvo. But the censorship of the Tsar had hindered the expression of the writer＇ s main idea and consequently overthrew his political intention. The censored text has been taken as the very material foundation by the religious philosophers and literary reviewers of the 20th century when they construct the world literature significance of Notes from the Underground. The most influenced and typical ways to interpret the discourse of the underground man are using the philosophical views of Nietzsche and existentialism. The legitimacy of these two strategies lies in the development of intellectual history. But due to the failure to take the censorship into consideration, both of the two interpretations have misunderstood and overshadowed the writer＇ s original political intention.

关 键 词：《地下室手记》根基主义 书报审查 尼采 存在主义 

分 类 号：I512.074[文学—其他各国文学]