中国3个城市中学生颈肩症状及影响因素调查  

Investigation of influencing factors associated with neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students in three cities in China

作　　者：徐亮[1] 万宇辉[1] 刘婉[1] 张诗晨[1] 马双双[1] 许韶君[1] 翟露露[1] 张辉[1] 曹秀菁[1] 陶芳标[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系安徽人口健康与优生省级实验室,合肥230032

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2017年第9期781-785,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家高新技术研究发展计划（863计划：2006AA022427）;安徽省高校省级自然科学研究重大项目（KJ2014ZDl8）

摘　　要：目的 调查中学生颈肩症状的分布情况并探讨引起中学生颈肩症状的影响因素.方法 采用立意抽样,2015年12月至2016年3月在沈阳、郑州和深圳进行横断面调查,共抽取24所中学.采用单纯随机方法,在每所中学每个年级抽取3～4个班级,对抽取的班级全体学生进行调查.调查内容包括人口学特征、颈肩症状、体育锻炼时间、学业压力、视屏行为、静坐行为等信息.共发放了问卷10566份,收回有效问卷10270份.比较不同特征中学生颈肩症状检出率的差异;建立多因素二分类非条件logistic回归模型,分析视屏行为和静坐行为对青少年颈肩症状的影响.结果 中学生颈肩症状检出率为19.2％（1968/10270）,女生颈肩症状的检出率[22.6％（1137/5039）]高于男生[15.9％（831/5231）]（P＆lt;0.001）;初一、初二、初三、高一、高二和高三学生颈肩症状的检出率分别为13.3％（253/1901）、16.8％（326/1942）、18.5％（299/1617）、21.8％（417/1915）、21.4％（345/1611）和25.5％（328/1284）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）.多因素二分类非条件logistic回归模型分析结果显示,最近3个月以来总是持续玩手机≥40 min（OR=4.66,95％CI：3.95～5.49）、持续看电视≥40 min（OR=4.01,95％CI：3.39～4.73）、持续使用电脑≥40 min（OR=3.61,95％CI：3.09～4.23）、持续做家庭作业≥60 min（OR=3.25,95％CI：2.79～3.79）、平均每天端坐时间累计≥10 h（OR=4.95,95％CI：4.25～5.77）、持续端坐≥90 min（OR=5.18,95％CI：4.42～6.06）者检出颈肩症状的风险较高.结论 中国中学生（尤其是高年级女生）颈肩症状的检出率较高,长时间、高频率的视屏行为、静坐行为与中学生颈肩症状发生有关.Objective The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students, and to explore its influence factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 24 middle schools in Shenyang, Zhengzhou and Shenzhen by purposive sampling method. In each middle school, 3 to 4 classes were selected from each grade all the students in the selected class would be recruited to the survey to investigate the demographic characteristics, neck-shoulder symptoms, physical exercise time, academic stress, screen behavior, sedentary behavior and other information by questionnaire. A total of 10566 questionnaires were issued and 10270 valid questionnaires were withdrawn. The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms among students were compared by different characteristics. Logistic regression models were applied to examine influencing factors associated with neck-shoulder symptoms. Results The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students was 19.2% （1968/10270）, while it was 22.6% （1137/5039） among girls and 15.9% （831/5231） among boys; the difference showed statistical significance （P〈0.001）. The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms was separately 13.3% （253/1901） in seventh grade, 16.8% （326/1942） in eighth grade, 18.5%（299/1617） in ninth grade, 21.8% （417/1915） in sophomore, 21.4% （345/1611） in junior, 25.5% （328/1284） in senior;the difference showed statistical significance （P〈0.001）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in the last 3 months, students who always playing mobile phone≥40 min continuously （OR=4.66, 95%CI： 3.95-5.49）, watching TV ≥40 min continuously （OR=4.01, 95%CI： 3.39-4.73）, using computer ≥40 min continuously （OR=3.61, 95%CI： 3.09-4.23）, doing homework ≥60 min continuously （OR=3.25, 95%CI： 2.79-3.79）, the average daily sitting time ≥10 h （OR=4.95, 95%CI： 4.25-5.77）, and always sitting ≥90 min continuously （OR=5.18, 95%CI： 4.42-6.0

关 键 词：学生 危险因素 横断面研究 颈肩症状 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]