聚丙烯酰胺连年施用对燕麦生产的影响  

Effect of Consecutive Polyacrylamide Application on Oat(Avena nuda L.)

作　　者：马斌[1] 刘景辉[1] 杨彦明[1] 米俊珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学/内蒙古杂粮工程技术研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2017年第9期1255-1262,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160267);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2015BAD22B04);全国农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队项目;内蒙古自治区燕麦种质资源创新与利用科技创新团队项目(20140401);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-08-B-5)

摘　　要：为探明聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)施用后对燕麦不同生育阶段水分利用的影响,在长城沿线旱作丘陵区,设置6个处理,分别为对照(CK)、PAM施用一年(M1)、PAM连续施用二年(M2)、PAM连续施用三年(M3)、PAM连续施用四年(M4)、PAM连续施用五年(M5),通过大田试验,研究PAM施用不同年限对燕麦不同生育阶段的土壤保水、燕麦耗水特征、水分利用效率等特性的影响。结果表明,施用PAM提高了燕麦田不同生育阶段0~60cm土层的土壤含水量,促进了燕麦生物量的积累,降低了燕麦总耗水量,提高了燕麦产量和水分利用效率。各处理中,M4和M5处理的土壤含水量及贮水量均高于其他处理,而总耗水量最低,差异均显著(P<0.05);M1、M2处理的多数被测指标与CK无显著差异。苗期0~10cm、拔节期10~20cm、抽穗期20~40cm、灌浆期0~10cm、成熟期10~20cm和40~60cm土层土壤含水量对产量的影响最大。各生育阶段,除播种-苗期及抽穗-灌浆期外,M5处理耗水量均显著低于M4处理。M4处理的经济效益和水分利用效率均最高,较对照分别增加35.67%和3.67kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)。综合考虑产量、经济效益、水分利用效率,燕麦旱作地区应连续4年施用聚丙烯酰胺。A field experiment was conducted during 2011 to 2015 to verify the effects of polyacrylamide （PAM） application at different growth stages of oat. PAM was applied at a rate of 75 kg·hm^-2 per year. The experiment consisted of 6 treatments, i.e. conventional tillage（CK）, one year PAM application（M1）, two consecutive years PAM application（M2）, three consecutive years PAM application （M3）, four consecutive years PAM application（M4）, and five consecutive years of PAM application （M5）. Impact of different PAM application years on holding moisture, characteristics of water consumption, and water use efficiency（WUE） was investigated in hilly and drought farming region along the Great Wall. The results indicated that compared with CK, the application of PAM increased soil moisture in 0 to 100 cm depth, and promoted biomass accumulation of oat, but decreased the total water consumption, and raised yield and WUE of oat. Under different treatments, the soil moisture and storage capacity of M5 and M4 treatments were higher than those of other treatments at each growth stage. However, total water consumption of M5 and M4 treatments were lower, which was significant（P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference among M1, M2 and CK treatments. The largest impact on oat yield by soil moisture content was mainly found in 0 to 10 cm soil layer at seedling stage, 10 to 20 cm at jointing stage, 20 to 40 cm at heading stage, 0 to 10 cm at filling stage, and 10 to 20 cm and 40 to 60 cm at mature stage. At each growing stage, the water consumption of M5 treatment was significantly lower than that of M4 treatment except from sowing to seedling stage and heading to filling stage. Eventually, the highest economic benefit and WUE were found under M4 treatment, which was increased by 35.67% and 3.67 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1, respectively, compared to CK. Taking WUE, economic benefit and yield into account, PAM application in four consecutive years is more suitable in dry farming regions.

关 键 词：燕麦 土壤含水量 耗水量 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学] S311