扩大公民有序政治参与的双轨路径——基于中国改革开放以来实践经验的理论分析  

The Dual-Track Pathway to Expand Citizens' Orderly Political Participation: A Theoretical Analysis Based on the Practical Experience since China's Reform and Opening-up

作　　者：肖滨[1] 方木欢 

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心,政治与公共事务管理学院,广州市510275

出　　处：《政治学研究》2017年第4期23-37,共15页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"扩大公民有序政治参与:战略;路径与对策"(12&ZD040)的研究成果

摘　　要：学界对公民政治参与的研究,主要从政治权利和政治权力两个视角进行分析,为探寻如何扩大公民有序政治参与提供了富有启发性的理论思路。然而,这两种视角均有理论缺陷。基于对政治概念的理解及对西方实践经验的检讨,我们将整合前述两种视角并构建一种新的分析框架,即"双轨路径":一轨以政治参与作为政治权利为路径,另一轨以政治参与作为政治权力为路径,以此作为分析中国公民政治参与的理论起点。从改革开放以来的探索实践看,中国扩大公民有序政治参与的实践正沿着两条不同路径并行而进,形成了独特的双向轨迹:从满足公民政治权利着眼,呈现出依序扩展公民政治权利的顺序图;从提升公民政治权力来看,展现出稳步提升公民政治权力的阶梯图。相比精英主义模式、民粹主义模式以及自由主义模式,由顺序图和阶梯图构成的中国"双轨路径"方案更贴切中国的实际现实,对于实现扩大公民有序政治参与的战略目标具有重要的价值意义。The study on citizens'political participation mainly starts from two perspectives including political rights and political power,and aims to provide insightful theories and thoughts on how to expand citizens'orderly political participation.However,theoretical deficiency can be found in these two perspectives.Based on the understanding of the political concepts and the review on the western practical experience,the author has integrated the two perspectives into a whole brand-new analytical framework named'the dual-track pathway'as the theoretical foundation.The one track is to take the political participation as one's political right while the other is to regard the political participation as one's politicalpower.In the exploration practices ever since the reform and opening-up,the expansion of Chinese citizens'political participation has been developing following these two different tracks in parallel and has thus created the unique dual-track pathway with two demonstrations:the precedence diagram of orderly expanding citizens'political rights;and the ladder diagram of stably improving citizens'political power.In comparison to the models of elitism,populism and liberalism,the dual-track pathway of both the precedence and the ladder diagrams better reflects the reality of contemporary China and hence creates a significant meaning for the realization of the strategic goal of expanding citizens'orderly political participation.

关 键 词：有序政治参与 双轨路径 顺序图 阶梯图 

分 类 号：D621.5[政治法律—政治学]