政府承认的性质及其所适用的原则  

On the Nature of Government Recognition and Principles Applied

作　　者：罗国强[1] LUO Guo - qiang(Institute of International Law, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Chin)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第5期97-106,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：2015年国家社科基金一般项目"特殊政府承认与继承的国际法理论与实践"(15BFX199);2016年教育部人文社科重点基地重大项目"构建人类命运共同体与中国国际法理论创新"(16JJD820011);2017年武汉大学法学院"双一流"建设项目

摘　　要：政府的承认是指当国家领土没有发生变更,而其政府出现新旧更迭的时候,所出现的对政府的承认的问题,其与国家承认既有区别又有联系。承认的性质应当以宣告说为主,而以构成说为辅。承认奠定建交的基础、确认国家的权利义务并撤销对旧政府的承认,承认的效果溯及既往,这与"法不溯及既往"的基本原则不相矛盾。有效统治是政府承认所适用的首要原则,其中有效控制、稳定性和独立性是构成政府的一般标准和要素。新政府要获得国际承认,不仅要实现有效统治,而且应当不违反体现在国际条约、国际习惯和强行法中的国际法基本原则和国际人道主义法。不承认的条件仅仅指,国家承担了某种不得承认某些实体为国际法主体的条约法上的义务。Government recognition happens when the government changes while the territory remains, which is both related with and different from state recognition. The nature of recognition should be mainly based on the declara- tive theory and supplemented by the constitutive theory. Recognition lays the foundation for diplomacy, confirms the rights and obligations of States and cancel the recognition to the former one. The effect of recognition is retroactive, which is not a violation of ＂lex prospect non respect＂ principle. Effective governance is the dominant principle, in which effective control, stability and independence are basic elements of constituting government. To gain interna- tional recognition, new government need realize effective governance, and follow fundamental principles of interna- tional law and humanitarian law which are embodied in international treaties, customs and jus cogens. The condition for non -recognition refers only to that governments have undertaken the obligation imposed in treaty to recognize some entities as international subjects.

关 键 词：政府承认 有效统治 合法性 不承认 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]