小麦秸杆生物炭在广东省蔬菜连作土壤中的应用效果研究  

Application effect of wheat straw biochar in vegetable continuous cropping soil in Guangdong Province

作　　者：黄连喜 魏岚 李衍亮 黄玉芬 Nyo Nyo Mar 许桂芝 黄庆 刘忠珍 

机构地区：[1]广东省农科院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]缅甸教育部农业生物技术研究中心,皎施100301

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2017年第6期71-77,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省农业科学院院长基金(201716);广东省科技计划项目(2016A020210034;2016B070701009;2016A020207002;2014A020216018;2014A020223007;2014B030301055);中央农业技术推广与服务补助资金项目(粤财农[2014]69号)

摘　　要：通过连续16个月多茬蔬菜轮作的田间定位试验,考察一次性施加0、2.5、5、10 t/hm2小麦秸秆生物炭对广东典型菜田土壤理化性质改良、蔬菜增产效果及其作用的持续效应。结果表明,小麦秸杆生物炭输入可有效缓解土壤的酸性,明显提升土壤有机碳含量,但对该土壤有效氮、有效磷及速效钾含量影响不大。生物炭改良土壤后对蔬菜生长具有显著的促进作用。不同用量生物炭可提高土壤pH 0.1~0.8,提升土壤有机碳含量1.0%~27.9%,使蔬菜增产1.2%~124.3%。其中5 t/hm2生物炭施用效果较其他处理好,与对照相比,5 t/hm2施用量可提高土壤pH值0.2~0.8,提升土壤有机碳含量0.10%~0.30%(增幅6.4%~19.3%),蔬菜增产幅度达到15.6%~124.3%。连续种植多茬蔬菜后,5 t/hm2生物炭处理的土壤pH值、有机碳含量及蔬菜产量增幅分别为8.1%、8.2%及33.2%,因此,在试验开展期内,小麦秸杆生物炭对农田土壤酸性改良、有机碳含量提升及蔬菜增产具有持续的增长效应。Soil quality improvement, vegetable growth, vegetable quality and their sustainable effect influenced by disposable wheat straw biochar input containing four treatments （ wheat straw biochar dosages were 0, 2.5, 5, 10 t/hm2 respectively ） were researched through 16 months＇ vegetable rotation field experiment. Results showed that the application of different dosages of wheat straw biochar could increase soil pH value, soil organic carbon content and vegetable yield of every crop, but had little influence on soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and availablepotassium content. The enhanced unit of soil pH value, increased rate of soil organic carbon and vegetable yield affected by different dosages of wheat straw biochar were 0.1-0.8, 1.0%-27.9% and 1.2%-124.3%, respectively. The optimal dosage was 5 t/hm2, which could significantly increase soil pH value, soil organic carbon content and yield of every stubble vegetable. Compared with the control treatment, 5 t/hm2 of wheat straw biochar could increase soil pH value by 0.2-0.8 units, soil organic carbon content by 0.10%-0.30% and vegetable yield by 9.6-56.1 t/hm2. The increase rates of soil organic carbon content and vegetable yield were up to 6.4%-19.3% and 15.6%-124.3%, respectively. After successive stubbles of vegetables, the soil pH value, soil organic carbon content and vegetable yield treated by 5 t/hm2 wheat straw biochar were still 8.1%, 8.2% and 33.2% higher than those of control treatment. The application of wheat straw biochar could effectively alleviate the acidity of soil, significantly enhance soil organic carbon content and vegetable yield at the more than one year rotation field experiment of continuous stubbles of Vegetable. There is a persistent effect on the improvement of soil acidity, organic carbon content and vegetable production of wheat straw biochar during the experiment time.

关 键 词：小麦秸杆 生物炭 土壤酸度 土壤有机碳 蔬菜产量 持续效应 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]