3种生物源物质对黄瓜的促生与防病作用  

Effects of three kinds of biogenic materials on growth promoting and disease controlling of cucumber

作　　者：张云[1] 张孝然[1] 陈夕军[1] 陈孝仁[1] 张青[2] 魏利辉[3] 黄奔立[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]苏州市农业科学院,江苏苏州215155 [3]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2017年第6期96-103,F0003,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403032);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(15)1037);江苏省"三新"工程项目(SXGC2016087)

摘　　要：研究生物源物质S-诱抗素(S-ABA)、有机肥和寡聚糖对黄瓜的促生与防病作用,用其不同浓度稀释液浸种、催芽与喷施处理黄瓜植株。结果表明,不同浓度的3种生物源物质对黄瓜种子发芽率均无显著影响;除高浓度S-诱抗素(稀释倍数≤2 500倍)对黄瓜胚根、胚芽的伸长有明显抑制作用外,其他浓度生物源物质对其均有一定促进作用。叶面喷施生物源物质,可有效提高黄瓜植株的株高、根长、鲜重和干重,促进其体内苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶等活性增加,并导致抗性相关物质含量发生变化。q RT-PCR结果表明,生物源物质喷施黄瓜植株表面48 h后,其体内抗性相关基因PAL和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的表达量均明显上调。防效测定结果表明,间隔24 h,连续喷施两次生物源物质,可有效减轻黄瓜白粉病发生,S-诱抗素、有机肥和寡聚糖的防效分别达54.9%、68.4%和47.8%;与生防菌配合使用,防治效果更佳,将有机肥与拮抗放线菌5X4配合使用,对黄瓜白粉病的防效高达81.6%。Biogenic materials, coming from living organisms and safety for environment and human, can be used as fungicide to control plant disease and plant growth regulators to promote plant growth. To determine the effects of biogenic materials on growth promoting and disease controlling of cucumber, different concentrations of three kinds of biogenic materials were used to soak seeds, accelerate germination and spray on the leaves of cucumber. Results showed that all concentration of biogenic materials had no effect on the germination rate of cucumber seeds, but could promote elongation of the radicle and germ except for the high concentration of trans-abscisic acid. The plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and defence enzymes activities, such as phenylalanine ammonialyase （ PAL ） , peroxidase （ POD ） and polyphenol oxidase （ PPO ） , increased after the cucumber plants sprayed with biogenic materials a certain time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that the expression levels of PAL and β-1, 3-glucanase gene of cucumber sprayed with biogenic materials were up-regulated. Spraying twice interval for 24 h, the biogenic materials could reduce the disease severity of cucumber powdery mildew, and the control effects of trans-abscisic acid, organic fertilizer and oligosaccharide were 54.9%, 68.4 and 47.8% respectively. The better control effect was found when biogenic materials combined with the bio-control agents, and the best control effect could reach 81.6%.

关 键 词：防病作用 促生 生物源物质 白粉病 黄瓜 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]