《资本论》中的“历史”概念——阿尔都塞解读《资本论》的关键问题  

The Concept of History in Das Kapital——The Key Question of Althusser's Interpreting Das Kapital

作　　者：王庆丰[1] Wang Qing - feng(Center for Fundamentals of Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心,长春130012

出　　处：《理论探讨》2017年第5期57-62,共6页Theoretical Investigation

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"马克思主义辩证法的当代课题与形态研究"(13BZX006);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目"历史唯物主义与中国发展道路研究"(NCET-13-0249)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在《哲学的贫困》中,马克思指责古典经济学的范畴是非历史的,而没有将其看成是"历史的、暂时的产物"。在阿尔都塞看来,这一"历史的责难"并不是马克思最终的批判,且引起了极其严重的误解:把马克思的"历史"概念混淆为历史主义。一切历史主义的基本结构就在于黑格尔历史概念的同时代性,这种同时代性被作为理论条件强加于马克思主义的整体结构。于是,马克思主义的历史就重新变成了意识形态的历史概念。在阿尔都塞看来,马克思的"历史"是以社会整体结构为基础的一个"没有主体或目的的过程",《资本论》构成了"真正的历史科学"。它所追求的完全不是理解作为历史的结果的社会的产生机制,而是理解这种结果即现存的现实社会产生社会作用的机制。In the Poverty of Philosophy, Marx denounced the category of classical economics as non - historical, rather than ＂his- torical, temporary product＂. In Ahhusser＇ s view, the ＂historical censure＂ is not Marx＇ s ultimate critique and causes a serious misun- derstanding： confusing Marx＇ s concept of history with historicism. The basic structure of all historicism lies in the contemporaneous trait of Hegel＇ s concept of history, which is imposed on the Overall structure of Marxism as a theoretical condition. Hence, the concept of history in Marxism has become the concept of ideology. In Althusser＇ s view, Marx＇ s concept of history is a ＂process of non - sub- ject or purpose＂ based on the overall structure of society. Das Kapital constitutes the ＂true historical science＂, which pursue is com- pletely not understanding the generation mechanism of the society as a result of history, but understanding the result, that is, the mechanism of producing s^cia[ function in existing society.

关 键 词：《资本论》 历史 历史主义 社会整体 无主体的过程 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]