北京通州某改造区土壤中PAHs的来源分析及风险评价  

Source apportionment and risk assessment of PAHs in soil from a renewal area in the Tongzhou District of Beijing

作　　者：安永龙[1] 黄勇[1] 孙朝[1] 邓凯文[1] 李迪[1] 黄丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市地质勘察技术院,北京102218

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2017年第5期112-120,共9页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：北京市政府公益性项目"北京市土壤地质环境监测网运行项目"(PXM2017_158307_000001)

摘　　要：近些年,随着我国城市化进程不断加快,土壤中多环芳烃污染已经成为威胁土壤环境质量和人体健康的主要因素。文章采集了北京市通州某改造区15件表层土壤(0~20 cm)样品,利用GC-MS分析技术,研究了土壤中美国环境保护署(USEPA)优控的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量及组分特征,根据多环芳烃的空间分布特征和特定成分之间的浓度比值结合多元统计法分析了其污染来源,初步评价了其污染水平,并进行健康风险评价。结果表明:表层土壤中16种多环芳烃含量范围为6.57~8 307.2μg/kg,均值为1 004.08μg/kg。多环芳烃组分特征及Fla与(Fla+Pyr)、Ba A与(Ba A+Chr)的相对质量比值特征显示改造区是燃煤和汽车尾气混合型来源;多元统计后发现石油烃类污染源和化石燃料燃烧源是两种主要成分。最后参照《污染场地风险评估技术导则(HJ 25.3—2014)》对土壤中PAHs进行了健康风险评价,除苯并(a)芘(Ba P)致癌风险值略偏高不可接受外,其余致癌与非致癌风险值均可接受。With the rapid urbanization in recent years,contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） has become one of the major factors threatening soil environmental quality and human health. The authors collected 15 topsoil samples（ at the depth of 0 - 20 cm） in the improving areas in the Tongzhou District of Beijing and investigated the contents and component characteristics of 16 PAHs optimally controlled by USEPA in earth based on the GC-MS analysis techniques. On the basis of the spatial distribution characteristics of PAHs and the concentration ratios among certain components by means of multivariate analysis,the pollution sources and levels are analyzed and preliminarily appraised,and the health risk assessment was carried out. The results indicate that the contents of 16 PAHs in surface soil range from 6. 57 to 8 307. 2 μg/kg with an average of 1 004. 08 μg/kg. The composition characteristics of PAHs and the ratios of Fla/（ Fla ＋ Pyr） and Ba A/（ Ba A ＋ Chr） show that the sources of PAHs are combustion of coal and automobile exhaust,with two kinds of main components of petroleum hydrocarbon and fossil fuel combustion with the multivariate analysis. Finally,a health risk appraisal of the PAHs in soil was made with the reference to the Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites（ HJ 25. 3-2014）,indicating that the cancer and non-carcinogenic risk values are both acceptable except the Benzoapyrene（ Ba P） cancer risk value is slightly on the high side.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 污染源 多元统计 风险评价 北京 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4