安徽凤阳玉米穗腐病病原菌的分离鉴定  

Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen of Maize Ear Rot in Fengyang,Anhui Province

作　　者：许大凤[1] 张海珊 李廷春[1] 齐耀程 姜超强[1] 周本国[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2017年第25期145-148,150,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(15A0932)

摘　　要：[目的]明确凤阳玉米穗腐病的病原菌种类。[方法]在凤阳玉米种植区采集玉米穗腐病样品,采用组织分离法对病样进行分离与纯化,结合病原菌形态学特征与分子生物学进行鉴定。[结果]分离得到的56株病原菌分别为禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)、尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、串珠镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides)、多变根毛霉(Rhizomucor variabilis)和青霉菌(Penicillium spp.),其分离频率分别为44.64%、21.42%、14.29%、14.29%和5.36%。禾谷镰孢菌Fg21菌丝生长温度为5~30℃,最适生长温度为25℃,最适pH为7.0;尖孢镰孢菌Fa09菌丝生长温度为10~35℃,最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH为7.0;串珠镰孢菌Fv03菌丝生长温度为10~35℃,最适生长温度为25℃,最适pH为10.0;碳源对镰孢菌菌株营养生长影响相对稳定,而氮源对其营养生长影响的变幅较大。[结论]试验结果为玉米穗腐病的综合防治提供了理论依据。[ Objective] The aim was to know the pathogens causing maize ear rot in Fengyang. [ Method] The maize ear rot samples were collected from Fengyang County. The tissue isolation method was adopted to isolate the maize disease samples, and then purified them. The pathogens were identified based on results of morphological characteristics and molecular biology. [ Result] Fifty-six isolates were identified as members of Fusarium gra minearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioide, Rhizomucor variabilis and Penicillium spp. , and the isolation frequency were 44.64% ,21.42%, 14.29%, 14.29% and 5.36% ,respectively. In this experiment, Fusarium gra minearum was the predominant species in maize ear rot. The Fusarium gra minearum Fg21 could grow under 5 -30℃ ,with optimal condition at 25 ℃ ,pH 7.0;the Fusarium oxysporum Fa09 could grow unde 10 -35 ℃ ,with optimal condition at 28 ℃ ,pH 7.0;the Fusarium verticillioide FrO3 could grow unde 10 -35 ℃ ,with opti- mal condition at 25 ℃ ,pH 10.0. Vegetative growth of Fg21 ,Fa09 and Fv03 were found to be significantly influenced by nitrogen source compared with carbon source. [ Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for comprehensive prevention and control of maize ear rot.

关 键 词：玉米穗腐病 病原鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]