基于CROPWAT的昆明主要农作物虚拟水分析  

Virtual Water Analysis of Main Crops in Kunming Based on CROPWAT

作　　者：赵福民 王新华 万大红 马泽宇 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学水利学院,云南昆明650000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2017年第25期218-220,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：人类对水资源的需求量随着人口数量的增长而增长,水资源保护与合理开发对国民经济的发展有着重要影响。云南省2001—2015年水资源总量由2 561.94亿m3降低到1 872.00亿m^3;其中昆明市2015年水资源总量为66.43亿m^3,农业用水只占总量的12%。为解决水资源短缺和区域水资源安全问题,从而引入虚拟水的研究。结合气象资料,利用CROPWAT软件对昆明主要农作物需水量和灌溉用水量进行计算分析,在满足保证率的情况下,确定不同作物的灌溉用水量。通过研究计算,甘蔗、水稻、马铃薯、花生等作物的多年平均需水量分别为1 174.50、701.75、488.10和434.00 mm,灌溉需水量为717.30、715.20、170.50、119.35 mm。该研究可根据昆明的水资源实际情况为农作物种植和制订相应的节水灌溉制度提供一些理论依据。The demand of water is growing as the population grows. Water resources protection and rational conservation can make a significant impact on the development of national economy. From 2001 to 2015, the gross of water resources in Yunnan province has reduced from 256 billion 194 million cubic meters to 187 billion 200 million cubic meters. The amount of water resources in Kunming in 2015 was about 6 billion 643 million cubic meters while used in agriculture was only about 12%. In order to solve water shortage and regional water resources se- curity issues, the research of virtual water is introduced. Combined with the meteorological data, this paper calculates and analyzes the water requirements and irrigation requirements of main crops in Kunming by using CROPWAT to determine irrigation requirement of different crops with water demand satisfying ratio. After research and calculation, the average annual water requirements of sugarcane, rice, potato, peanut and other crops were 1 174.50,701.75,488.10 and 434.00 mm respectively. Correspondingly, the irrigation requirements were about 717.30, 715.20,170.50,119.35 mm. This research, in the light of the actual situation of water resources in Kunming, provides some theoretical basis for the cultivation of crops and the establishment of water-saving irrigation system.

关 键 词：虚拟水 CROPWAT软件 昆明 作物需水量 

分 类 号：S273[农业科学—农业水土工程]