鸡嗉子榕果实和妃延腹榕小蜂性状的地理马赛克分化动力初析  

Drivers of phenotypes' geographic mosaic patterns between Ficus semicordata and Philotrypesis dunia

作　　者：肖雪 王刚[1] 陈进[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南勐仑666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第5期900-907,共8页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1402264)

摘　　要：协同进化地理马赛克理论认为协同进化的物种双方的性状在种群间会出现适应性变异,且性状变异常呈现地理马赛克分布格局.在榕树与非传粉榕小蜂相互作用关系中,榕果(隐头花序)可能通过加厚果壁来降低种子和传粉榕小蜂幼虫被非传粉榕小蜂寄生的机会,而非传粉榕小蜂可能通过增长产卵器适应果壁加厚.这种现象为研究动植物协同进化在驱动双方物种性状变异的地理马赛克格局的机制,提供了理想材料.本研究选择西双版纳、宁洱、耿马、龙陵、瑞丽和澜沧6个彼此相距均大于100 km的种群,采集鸡嗉子榕(Ficus semicordatavar.semicordata)雌花期榕果和仅在雌花期产卵的非传粉榕小蜂妃延腹榕小蜂(Philotrypesis dunia)进行性状测量和变异动力分析.通过方差分析、线性回归和冗余分析,结果表明雌花期榕果果壁厚度和妃延腹榕小蜂产卵器长度的变异都存在显著的地理马赛克格局.榕果果壁厚度的地理马赛克分布格局很可能主要来自于环境异质性,主要是最低气温和平均降水的驱动,而受到妃延腹榕小蜂协同进化选择,如产卵器长度的影响不显著.另一方面,妃延腹榕小蜂产卵器长度的地理马赛克分布格局,很可能主要来自协同进化关系选择,即榕果果壁厚度的驱动,而受到环境异质性的影响不显著.尽管十分确切的结论尚需更多方面证据支持,但该研究结果强烈暗示,榕-非传粉榕小蜂系统的地理马赛克的性状分布格局中,气候因素作为最初选择压力影响榕树果壁厚度,而榕树果壁厚度进一步影响非传粉小蜂的产卵器长度.One of the geographic mosaic theories of coevolution is that coevolutionary phenotypes diverge a-mong populations,which shows mosaic geographic distribution.For Ficus and its non-pollinating fig wasps, Ficuscould defend their seeds by thick fruit wall and non-pollinators would parasite inside fruits by injecting long ovi-positor through fruit wall.To examine the spatial heterogeneity between Ficus and its non-pollinating fig waspsand reveal the most important factors that determine the traits divergence, Fic~ semicordata vat. semicordata andPhilotrypesis dunia,one of its non-pollinating fig wasp species across 6 populations were investigated. By usingANOVA,linear regression and Redundancy Analysis, the results showed that both fruit wall thickness and non-pollinating fig wasps showed significant spatial divergence patterns. Mean temperature and precipitation of cropseason have significant influence on the fruit wall thickness, according to Redundancy Analysis. Whereas, onlyfruit wall thickness has influence on the ovipositor length. Fruits protect their seeds against parasites and coldweather by allocating resources to wall thickness. Otherwise, fig wasps strengthen their offense by increasing wholebody length.The results strongly indicate that for Ficus-non-pollinating fig wasps system, climatic factor is themost important drive on the divergence of fruit wall thickness.Stepwise,fruit wall thickness puts influence on thedivergence of non-pollinating fig wasps ovipositor length.

关 键 词：种间关系 表型分歧 鸡嗉子榕 非传粉榕小蜂 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]