损益相抵适用的类型化研究  

Research on Types of Application of the Rule of Offseting

作　　者：程啸[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2017年第5期27-46,共20页Global Law Review

基　　金：中国法学会2016年部级法学课题"<侵权责任法>实施状况调研"(CLS[2016]C22);清华大学自主科研计划课题"中国统一损害赔偿法的构建与完善"(Z04-1;课题编号:20131089328)的研究成果

摘　　要：损益相抵乃是损害赔偿法的一项基本规则,旨在落实完全赔偿与禁止得利原则,从而贯彻实现损害赔偿法的补偿功能。由于赔偿权利人获得利益的来源多样化,损益相抵应依因果关系及法律评价加以认定,故此立法上无法进行抽象规定。而从研究的方法论上说,应区分赔偿权利人所获得利益的四种不同类型,即因第三人给付而获得的利益、因受害人行为而获得的利益、因损害事件而获得的利益以及因客观原因而获得的利益,分别判断这些利益是否具有可扣减性。此种类型化研究,有助于司法实践正确地适用损益相抵,避免对受害人的补偿不足或过度补偿,从而更好地贯彻损害赔偿法的补偿功能,保护受害人的合法权益,实现法律的公平价值。Offsetting is a basic rule of the law of damages aimed at implementing the principles of complete compensation and prohibition of enrichment and realizing the compensa- tion function of the law of damages. Because of the diversified sources of benefit, offset should be decided according to causation and legal evaluation and, therefore, the rule of offsetting can- not be stipulated as one or some articles of statutory law. From the methodological point of view, it is necessary to first divide the benefits of the claimants for compensation into different types-benefit obtained by the payment of the third person, benefit obtained by the victim＇ s act, benefit obtained from the damage, and benefit obtained as a result of objective reasons-and then determine whether these benefit are offset in light of their respective type.

关 键 词：损害赔偿 损益相抵 社会保险 补偿功能 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]