轴流式和切流式机械脱粒对稻谷损伤及加工品质的影响  

Effects of axial flow and tangential flow mechanical threshing on rice damage and milling quality

作　　者：李毅念[1] 陈俊生 丁启朔[1] 丁为民[1] Li Yinian Chen Junsheng Ding Qishuo Ding Weimin(School of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第15期41-48,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：江苏省政策引导类计划(产学研合作)--前瞻性联合研究项目(BY2016060-01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(KYZ201161);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20130097110042)

摘　　要：为确定不同机械脱粒滚筒收获方式对收获后稻谷品质性状的影响,以手工收获方式稻谷为对照组,对轴流式和切流式脱粒滚筒收获方式收获稻谷的品质性状进行研究,检测不同收获方式稻谷的裂纹率、裂颖率、发芽率、幼苗生长、腹部与背部作为承压面糙米的三点弯曲破碎力、加工品质指标等。测试结果表明:机械脱粒方式收获稻谷与手工收获方式相比,裂颖率增加,发芽和幼苗生长、三点弯曲破碎力和加工品质降低,其中裂颖率最大增加约35.6%,发芽率降低最大达53%,茎秆长度最大降低15 mm,根数量最大降低2.4个,腹部和背部三点弯曲破碎力减小最大值为4.5和3.8 N,整精米率最大降低12.11%;而切流式脱粒滚筒收获方式收获稻谷与轴流式相比,裂颖率较大,发芽率降低达34%~51%,茎杆长度降低最大达12.6 mm,根数量降低最大达1.8个,腹部和背部三点弯曲破碎力差异较小,整精米率降低10.38%。总体来说不同机械脱粒收获方式对稻谷的品质性状影响具有差异性,轴流式脱粒收获方式对稻谷的机械损伤小于切流式脱粒收获方式,机械脱粒损伤稻谷品质性状的评价应该根据稻谷具体使用目的进行客观全面的评价。Rice grains would be damaged by the mechanical threshing equipment during harvesting, and mechanical damage extent of rice grains was directly correlated to the threshing cylinder patterns and operating parameters of threshing cylinder, such as roration speed of cylinder and threshing time. On the other hand, there were not objective and whole indices to appraise the mechanical threshing damage extent of rice grains. In order to ascertain the effect of harvest pattern with different mechanical threshing cylinder on rice quality characters, taking manual harvesting rice as control group, the quality characters of the rice harvested by axial flow and tangential flow mechanical threshing cylinder were investigated. The appraisal indices of rice quality characters, fissuring rate and glume-opening rate, germination potential and rate and seedling growth properties, three-point bending breaking force, head rice yield and broken rice rate, were selected and tested according to relevant methods and standards. Experiment results show that the fissuring rate and glume-opening rate for mechanically harvesting rice are higher than that for the hand-harvested rice, and the maximum difference of glume-opening rate is about 35.6%; the fissuring rate and glume-opening rate for axial flow mechanical threshing cylinder are less than that for tangential flow mechanical threshing cylinder. But the germination potential and rate for mechanically harvested rice are lower than that for the hand-harvested rice, and the maximum difference of germination rate is 53%. The germination potential and germination rate for axial flow mechanical threshing cylinder are larger than that for tangential flow mechanical threshing cylinder, and the maximum difference of germination rate is 34%-51%. The stem length and number of roots of rice seedling for axial flow mechanical threshing cylinder and that of the hand-harvested rice are larger than that for tangential flow mechanical threshing cylinder. The maximum differences of the stem length and num

关 键 词：机械化 农作物 加工 稻谷轴流式脱粒 切流式脱粒 脱粒损伤 加工品质 

分 类 号：TS212.2[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]