2014年中国山洪灾害特点及防御对策  

China's Characteristics and Countermeasures of Flash Flood Disasters in 2014

作　　者：马美红[1,2,3] 何秉顺 刘启[1,2] 涂勇 李青[1,2] 常凊睿 李存磊[4] MA Meihong HE Bingshun LIU Qi TU Yong LI Qing CHANG Qingrui LI Cunlei(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China Flash Flood Prevention Project Management Office of China, Beijing 100038, China Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]全国山洪灾害防治项目组,北京100038 [3]北京师范大学,北京100875 [4]辽宁石油化工大学,辽宁抚顺113001

出　　处：《人民黄河》2017年第9期24-27,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51409143);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41502100)

摘　　要：随着中国对山洪灾害防御力度的加大,新的防御形势下山洪灾害特点呈现出新的变化,并在开展实际项目建设中出现了新问题。基于全国山洪灾害项目组统计的2014年中国山洪灾害事件相关数据,分析了2014年中国山洪灾害的特点,即灾害发生时间早,中型灾害、泥石流灾情重,区域性差异显著,房屋倒塌致死明显等。结合2014年中国防御山洪灾害事件中的典型案例以及发挥的实际效益,总结了中国山洪灾害防治项目建设的成效。针对目前山洪灾害防御中存在的预警预报精度待提高、运行维护经费需保障、法律法规待完善等问题,提出了强化科研、多措施保障建设进度、完善法律法规等对策建议。Along with the increasing efforts of preventing flash flood disaster, the characteristics of flash flood prevention turn on variation un- der the new protection, as well as the new problems which appeared in practical projects. Based on the relevant data of Flash Flood Preven- tion Project Management Office of China in 2014, firstly, this paper introduced the whole situation and analyzed the characteristics of flash flood disasters in China of 2014, which were the early time of happening, the heavy situation of medium and debris-flow hazards, the remark- able different of regional and provinces, the obviously collapsing of houses and causing casualties. And then combining with 2014 typical ca- ses of flash flood disaster prevention and the actual benefit in our country, the paper briefly summarized the effectiveness of flash flood disas- ter prevention in the project construction of our country. Finally, based on the present situation of flash flood disaster prevention, due to solve the problem of raising the accuracy of early warning and forecasting, guaranteeing the funds of operation and maintenance, improving the laws and regulations, we should put forward to reinforce the scientific research, take measures to guarantee the progress of construction and improve the laws and regulations.

关 键 词：山洪灾害 防御对策 溪河洪水 泥石流 滑坡 中国 2014年 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]