放牧干扰对伊犁绢蒿表型性状特征的影响  

Effects of grazing disturbance gradients on morphological characters of Seriphidium transiliense

作　　者：陈玉萍[1] 孙宗玖[1,2] 李培英 杨合龙[1] 董乙强 CHEN Yu-ping SUN Zong-jiu LI Pei-ying YANG He-long DONG Yi-qiang(College of Grassland and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University ,Urumqi , 830052 Key Laboratory of Grassland Resource and Ecology of Xinjiang ,Urumqi ,830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2017年第4期81-87,共7页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31160477);新疆研究生科研创新项目(XJGRI2014081)资助

摘　　要：试验以新疆天山北坡荒漠草地建群种伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transiliense)为对象,研究了其单株表型性状特征对4种放牧强度:无牧(0只羊/hm^2)、轻牧(0.56只羊/hm^2)、中牧(0.95只羊/hm^2)、重牧(2.89只羊/hm^2)的响应。结果表明:放牧显著降低了伊犁绢蒿的株高、冠幅面积、短轴长、长轴长、根颈直径、茎重、地上生物量,且轻牧、中牧各性状均显著高于重牧;放牧强度与伊犁绢蒿株高、冠幅面积、短轴长、长轴长、根长、根颈直径、一级分枝、二级分枝、三级分枝、茎重、叶重、地上生物量呈极显著负相关,其中,放牧强度对株高、短轴长、长轴长、冠幅面积影响较大,且随放牧强度增加呈线性下降;伊犁绢蒿各表型性状总体变异系数为22.23%~134.95%,各放牧处理平均变异系数为20.26%~134.24%,且中牧和重牧下大部分表型性状变异程度明显大于对照。放牧干扰下伊犁绢蒿单株趋向"小型化",避免了家畜的频繁采食,利于其种群的存活。In order to understand the adaptive strategies of desert plant to grazing,the response of four different grazing gradients（no grazing（0.00sheep/hm^2）,light grazing（0.56sheep/hm^2）,moderate grazing（0.95sheep/hm^2）and heavy grazing（2.89sheep/hm^2））on morphological characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense was studied in the desert of northern slope of Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang.The results indicated that the plant height,canopy area,short axis length,long axial length,taproot diameter,stem weight and aboveground biomass of Seriphidium transiliense significantly decreased after grazing.These morphological characters under light grazing and moderate grazing were significantly higher than that under heavy grazing.There were significant negative correlations between grazing gradients and plant height,canopy area,short axis length,long axial length,taproot diameter,the first grade branch,the secondary branch,the third grade branch,stem weight,leaf weight and aboveground biomass of Seriphidium transiliense.Effects of grazing gradients on plant height,canopy area,short axis length and long axial length were more sensitive than on other characters.The total coefficient of variation of Seriphidium transiliense on each morphological characteristic was ranging from 22.23%to134.95%,and average coefficient of variation of different grazing gradients was ranging from 20.26% to 134.24%.The variation degrees of majority morphological characteristic under moderate and heavy grazing were obviously were higher than that under no grazing.The morphological characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense gradually appeared to low dwarf trend after grazing.The survive rate of Seriphidium transiliense will be increased when frequently grazing will be avoided.

关 键 词：放牧强度 伊犁绢蒿 形态性状 适应性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]