水稻均衡营养肥对杂交稻生长发育的影响及养分吸收特性  

Effects of Balanced Nutrition Fertilizer on the Growth and Nutrient Up-taking Characteristics of Hybrid Rice

作　　者：郭志刚 韦杏花 沈补根 GU WEI Xinghua SHEN Bugen(Institute of Modern Agrieuhural Engineering Technology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江清华长三角研究院现代农业工程技术研究所,浙江嘉兴314000

出　　处：《中国稻米》2017年第5期54-57,62,共5页China Rice

摘　　要：研究了水稻均衡营养肥对杂交稻生长发育的影响及养分吸收特性,以为精准施肥及秸秆还田养分循环利用提供必要的科学参数。结果表明,水稻均衡营养肥处理的株高、总粒数、实粒数、结实率、穗质量和产量均高于常规施肥处理,稻谷中的总钾、S^(6+)和Fe^(2+)含量均高于常规施肥处理,但总磷、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)的含量低于常规施肥处理,总氮含量则基本相同;常规施肥处理的秸秆中总氮、总钾、Mg^(2+)和S^(6+)含量均高于水稻均衡营养肥处理,总磷、Ca^(2+)和Fe^(2+)含量基本相同。均衡营养肥处理氮、磷、钾利用率分别为67.8%、60.0%和95.5%,农民常规施肥处理分别为32.3%、86.0%和>100%。可见,水稻均衡营养肥能均衡的为杂交稻生长提供必需的养分,大幅度提高肥料利用率。In order to provide necessary scientific parameters for precise fertilization and nutrient recycling of rice straw incorporation, the effects of balanced nutrition fertilizer on the growth and nutrient up-taking characteristics of hybrid rice were studied in this paper. The results showed that the plant height, total grains, filled grains, seed setting rate, panicle weight yield, total K, S^6＋ and Fe^2＋ in grains of the balanced nutrition fertilizer treatment were higher, compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. But total P, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ in grains and total N, total K, Mg^2＋ and S^6＋ in straw were lower compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. Total N in grains and total P, Ca^2＋ and Fe^2＋ in straw of the two treatments were similar. The utilization rate of N, P and K of the balanced nutrition fertilizer treatment were 67.8%, 60.0% and 95.5%, while those of the conventional fertilization treatment were 32.3%, 86.0% and 〉100%. Rice balanced nutrition fertilizer could provide the necessary nutrients for the growth of hybrid rice, and greatly improved the utilization rate of fertilizer.

关 键 词：杂交稻 水稻均衡营养肥 养分吸收 肥料利用率 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]