基于实践导向的高校财务管理教学改革  

The establishment of apple S genotype database and instruction

作　　者：李洋 刘春生 于杰 松本省吾 王昆[3] 刘志[4] 李天忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学果树细胞与分子育种实验室,北京100193 [2]日本名古屋大学农学部 [3]中国农业科学院果树研究所 [4]辽宁省果树科学研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2017年第5期5-8,共4页China Fruits

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572096;31372035;31630066)资助

摘　　要：苹果一般自花授粉不能结实,需配置一定比例的授粉品种,且依靠昆虫或人工授粉才能获得经济产量。苹果属于配子体型自交不亲和性类型,受17号染色体末端S基因座的复等位基因控制,最早人们将‘国光’品种2个同源染色体上控制自交不亲和性的等位基因分别命名为S_1和S_2之后(S基因型为S_1S_2),截至目前已从苹果属植物中鉴定出S_1、S_2、S_3、S_4、S_5、S_6、S_7、S_8、S_9等31种S等位基因,确定了‘鸡冠’‘富士’‘嘎拉’‘成保光’等1 000多个品种的S基因型,分别为S_3S_5、S_1S_9、S_2S_5和S_1S_2等。当‘国光’与‘鸡冠’相互授粉时,由于2个S基因型不同,相互授粉可结实,表现为亲和;当‘国光’与‘富士’相互授粉时,由于有一个S等位基因相同,有一半花粉可授粉受精结实,表现为半亲和;当‘国光’与‘成保光’相互授粉时,由于S基因型完全相同,相互授粉不结实,表现为不亲和。由于S基因型直接决定了相互授粉的亲和程度,可为栽培生产授粉树的配置和杂交育种亲本选配提供参考和帮助,因此,本研究室与日本名古屋大学合作,在对中国国家苹果资源圃和日本国家苹果资源圃S基因型大量鉴定的基础上,建立了苹果S基因型数据库,配有中、日、英等文字的操作页面,该网站可根据用户的需要,给出相应品种的对应授粉品种,用户再根据花期相遇、花粉育性等从中挑选出最适合的授粉组合。Apple is usually a self-incompatible species. It will give an economic-production only when an orchard has enough pollination trees,human and bee for pollination. Apple belongs to gametophyte self-incompatibility,which was controlled by S multiple alleles located in the end of chromosome 17. The S genotype of‘Guoguang＇ was identified firstly,and people named them as S1 and S2. From now on,31 kinds of S genotype were identified from different apple varieties like S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6,S7,and so on. The S genotype of one thousand varieties like ‘Jiguan＇ ‘Fuji＇ ‘Gala＇‘Chengbaoguang＇were identified as S3S5,S1S9,S2S5 and S2S3. When the parents for hybridization have the total different S genotype like‘Guoguang＇（ S1S2） and‘Jiguan＇（ S3S5）,the reciprocal pollination was compatible. When the hybrid parents have one same S genotype like ‘Guoguang＇（ S1S2） and ‘Fuji＇（ S1S9）,the reciprocal pollination was semi-compatible. When the hybrid parents have total same S genotype like ‘Guoguang＇（ S1S2） and ‘Chengbaoguang＇（ S1S2）,the reciprocal pollination was incompatible. As the compatible ability could be decided by the S genotype,it could provide reference in pollination tree configuration and parental selection in cross breeding. To make this come true,we developed cooperation with Nagoya University in Japan. We built a S genotype database based on S genotype identification in amount of apple varieties from the China National Apple Resources and Japan. The database has three kinds of webpage in Chinese,Japanese and English. The database can give suitable varieties according to the require of users,and users could pick the best one from the result with after considering other factor like florescence and pollen fertility.

关 键 词：苹果 S基因型 数据库 授粉树配置 亲本选配 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]