核桃整形修剪中存在的问题及对策  

Problems and Countermeasures of Walnut Training and Pruning

作　　者：张丽仙 付文林 ZHANG Lixian FU Wenlin(Yuxi Land Resource Bureau, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China Forest Culture and Management Station of Yuxi Forestry Bureau, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China)

机构地区：[1]玉溪市国土资源局,云南玉溪653100 [2]玉溪市林业局营林工作站,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2017年第4期119-122,共4页Forest Inventory and Planning

摘　　要：整形修剪是云南核桃栽培管理中一项十分重要的技术措施。只有在充分认识核桃树生长发育规律的基础上,根据生长、发育、结果特性,不断地改进和完善整形修剪技术,才能达到早实、丰产、稳产、优质、高效的栽培目的。目前在云南省核桃栽培管理中普遍存在定植密度过大,果园过早郁闭,结果部位迅速外移,树体结构紊乱,修剪技术应用不当等问题,影响了核桃干果的产量和质量。籍此,提出降低定植密度,改善果园通风透光条件;调整树体结构,稳势修剪;落头开心,控制树冠高度;调节树体各部分、各器官之间的平衡等对策。The technology of training and pruning is key for the cultivation and management of walnut in Yunnan. Based on the thorough understanding of walnut growth rules, the technology of training and pruning was improved by walnut＇s characteristics of germinate, growth and fruiting to achieve early fruit- ing, high and stable yield, and high quality and efficiency. Problems of high plantation density, early canopy closure, fruit branch quick shifing outwards, disordered tree structure and improper operation ex- isted in cultivation and management of walnut, which affected the yield and quality of walnut in Yunnan. This paper put forward the countermeasures to improve the ventilation and optical conditions of orchard by lower plantation density, regulate growth by pruning to adjust tree structure, decrease tree height with open - center form to control the height of crown, and balance each part and organ of the tree.

关 键 词：核桃 整形修剪 定植密度 树体结构 主枝选留 培养结果枝组 

分 类 号：S792.13[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S753.518[农业科学—林学]