简单管路中水击的类型偏误分析及解析计算  

Effect of errors in predicting the water hammer types and pressures in a simple pipeline

作　　者：张明[1] 郑双凌[1] 马吉明[1] 齐文彪[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]吉林省水利水电勘测设计研究院,长春130021

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第9期986-992,共7页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51379099);清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(sklhse-2017-C-02)

摘　　要：简单管路的水击分析是水电站设计的重要部分。该文对目前设计中采用的阀门开度匀速变化时水击的解析计算中存在的问题进行研究,详细推导和分析水击计算的区域划分,给出了正确的负水击区域划分图;通过以直线代替曲线的方式,提出足够精确的简化水击区域划分图;通过与精确水击区域划分图的比较,阐明了简化水击计算中可能出现的类型误判;基于直接求取水击最大值的考虑,提出第一相水击和末相水击类型的后验判别方法。此外,还给出了直接水击和第一相水击的直接计算公式。算例分析表明:该文给出的水击区域划分、提出的水击类型后验判别方法以及推导的水击直接计算公式正确可行。The analysis of water hammer in a simple pipeline is a fundamental problem in hydropower station designs. The type and evaluation of maximum water hammer in simple pipeline during the uniform closure or opening of a hydraulic turbine is studied. In particular, the type prediction is rectified for negative water hammer. The accurate simplified models for the prediction of positive and negative indirect water hammers are proposed to replace curves in the indirect water hammer domains with straight lines. With these models, possible errors due to inaccurate predictions of the water hammer in the simplified water hammer evaluation model currently adopted in the hydroelectric engineering are illustrated comparatively. A method is given for directly determining the maximum indirect water hammer pressure, no longer needing the prior prediction of first-phase or end phase water hammer. In addition, formulas are given for the indirect water hammer without solving all the equations. The validity and applicability of the water hammer prediction and evaluation, including the method and formulas for indirect water hammer, are verified by examples.

关 键 词：水电站 简单管路 水击 解析方法 开度 

分 类 号：TV732.4[水利工程—水利水电工程]