不同运动量对少年心肺耐力和身体成分影响的干预研究  

Effects of Different Exercise Loads on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition among Adolescents

作　　者：李新 李晓彤[2] 王正珍[1] 王艳 王梦蝶[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学康复系,北京100084 [3]成都体育学院期刊部,四川成都6100411

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2017年第5期110-116,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAK21B02);中国健康促进基金会项目(CHPF2014-FITEX)

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同运动量的课后体力活动干预对青少年心肺耐力、身体成分的影响。方法:招募平均年龄12.7岁的少年67名(男34人,女33人),采用准实验设计,从不同的平行班级招募实验组(43人)和对照组(24人),两个实验组内部用随机数表法随机分成低量运动负荷组(L组)和高量运动负荷组(H组)。两个运动组在原有生活方式基础上进行每周5次的运动干预,强度为中等到较大强度(MVPA,50%以上储备心率),其中,L组每次30 min,H组每次60 min,对照组按照原有生活方式不变,共干预12周。使用气体代谢分析仪测量心肺耐力(CRF),生物电阻抗测量身体成分,比较各组干预前后CRF、身体成分的变化。结果:1)组内比较,L组干预后CRF比干预前明显提高(P<0.05),H组干预后CRF亦明显高于干预前(P<0.05);组间比较,L组和H组干预前、后CRF的提高幅度比对照组更大(P<0.05),但L组和H组之间CRF的提高幅度无差异。2)组内比较,L组和H组男生干预后体脂百分比(BF%)均比干预前明显降低(P<0.05),H组女生干预后BF%比干预前明显降低(P<0.05);组间比较,H组女生干预前、后BF%下降幅度比对照组女生更多(P<0.05),但男生各组之间干预前、后BF%下降幅度无统计学差异。结论:1)体力活动能够促进少年心肺耐力提高,但是二者并非简单的线性关系,在原有生活基础上增加每周5次、每次30 min或60 min MVPA,12周均可明显提高CRF。2)体力活动能够明显减少女生的体脂肪,且呈现剂量效应关系,只有在原有生活基础上增加每周5次、每次60 min MVPA的运动才起到一定的改善效果。Objective： To investigate the effects of different exercise loads on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition among adolescents. Methods： 78 adolescents aged 12.7 were recruited from a middle school. According to the classes, we divided the participants into 3 groups. The control group contained 24 adolescents （usual physical activity）, and 43 adolescents were randomly divided into low amount of exercise group, （L group, 30 min/d, n=20） and high amount of exercise group （H group, 60 min/d, n=23 ）. The two exercise groups received aerobic exercise intervention for 12 weeks （ 5d/ wk）. Training intensity was the moderate to vigorous physical activity （MVPA, above 50% HRR）. The peak of VO2 during exercise and body composition was measured. Results： After adjustment for the pre-exercise condition, the exercise groups increased VO2peak greater than control group （P〈 0.05 ） .But there was no significant difference between two exercise groups. The body fat percentage was significantly decreased for H groups＇ girls in comparison with the control group. But there was no significant change in other groups. Result： 1 ） within the group, CRF of L group after intervention was significantly higher than before intervention （P〈 0.05）, After intervention of group H, CRF was significantly higher than before intervention （P〈 0.05 ） ; comparison among groups, The percentage of body fat of male students （BF%） in group L and H was significantly lower than before intervention （P〈 0.05 ）, after intervention of female students in H group, BF% was significantly lower than before intervention （P〈 0.05 ） ; In comparison between groups, the decrease of BF % of female students in the H group was more than that in the control group （P〈 0.05 ）. However, there was no statistically significant difference in BF % decline for male students between the groups before and after intervention. Conclusion： 1 ） Three months of 30 or 60 min/d aerobic training can improve CRF.

关 键 词：运动量 心肺耐力 身体成分 运动干预 少年 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]