运动锻炼对社区老年人跌倒预防效果的证据总结  

Evidence synthesis of effects of physical exercise on fall prevention in community-dwelling elderly people

作　　者：叶盛[1] 陈利群[1] 石丹[1] 卢文文[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市复旦大学护理学院,200032

出　　处：《中华护理杂志》2017年第9期1112-1118,共7页Chinese Journal of Nursing

摘　　要：目的评价与总结运动锻炼对社区老年人跌倒预防效果的最佳证据。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、JBI(The Joanna Briggs Institute)循证卫生保健图书馆、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、美国指南网、Pub Med、荷兰医学文摘数据库、苏格兰校际指南网络、英国国家临床医学研究所指南网、BMJ(Best Practice)数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、中国知网关于运动锻炼对社区老年人跌倒预防效果的所有指南、证据总结、最佳实践信息册、推荐实践、系统评价及原始研究。由3名研究者对文献质量进行评价和资料提取,对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取。结果共纳入10篇文献,其中4篇指南,2篇系统评价,1篇推荐实践,1篇证据总结,2篇原始研究。总结的最佳证据包括运动锻炼应有中到高强度的平衡功能训练;太极、瑜伽对预防跌倒有效;多因素、群组或居家的运动形式有利于降低跌倒风险。结论建议社区护理人员对老年人进行运动锻炼方面的健康指导,提供并满足相应的锻炼条件;根据老年人的自身情况,针对性地使用证据。Objective To evaluate and summarize the best available evidence of effects of physical exercise on fall prevention in community-dwelling elderly people. Methods We searched Cochrane Library,JBI Library,Regis- tered Nurses＇ Association of Ontario （RNAO）, National Guideline Clearinghouse （NGC）, PubMed, EMbase, Scottish In- tercollegiate Guideline （SIGN）,British Medical Journal Best Practice,British Medical Journal Best Practiee,CBM, Wanfang Database and CNKI,to collect literatures including guideline,evidence summary （ES）,best practice informa- tion sheet （BPIS） ,recommend practice （RP） ,system review（SR） and original research. Three authors independently evaluated quality of literatures and extracted data. Results Ten articles were enrolled,including four guidelines,two SRs,one RP,one ES,and two randomized controlled trials. Best evidence included： exercises should aim to provide moderate or high balance function training. Tai Chi and yoga were effective in fall prevention. Multifactorial assess- ment,group-based or home-based exercises were able to prevent falls. Conclusion Community should provide physical exercise recommendations for the elderly and satisfy the corresponding conditions. Available best evidence is recommended to use according to individual situation of the elderly.

关 键 词：身体锻炼 意外跌倒 老年人 社区保健护理 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]