2014-2016年安阳市麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles in Anyang from 2014 to 2016

作　　者：张萍 职建军[1] 丁武号 刘建明[1] 邵歌 

机构地区：[1]安阳市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第18期3282-3285,3320,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析安阳市2014-2016年麻疹流行病学特征,总结全市消除麻疹工作进展情况。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对麻疹监测信息报告管理系统的麻疹个案进行分析。结果 2014-2016年全市共报告麻疹病例164例,年平均发病率1.37/10万。男女性别比为1.02∶1;发病年龄呈现<5岁婴幼儿和20~34岁成人为主的特征,散居儿童和农民是高发人群。病例中含麻疫苗0剂次者占44.51%,其中8~17月龄0剂次者占69.23%,18~59月龄0剂次者占22.58%。3年来麻疹发病趋势基本一致,2-7月发病最多,占病例总数的90.85%;内黄县报告发病率3年均较高;2015年全市多达47个乡(镇、办事处)有麻疹病例报告。结论近年全市麻疹疫情回升,消除麻疹任务艰巨。不同年龄麻疹发病水平差异较大,小年龄儿童是需要被重点关注的对象。提高疫苗接种率,加强麻疹监测,是降低麻疹发病率的关键措施。Objective The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Anyang from2014 to 2016, in order to summarize the progress towards measles elimination. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data collected from Measles Surveillance Information Reporting System. Results A total of 164 measles cases were reported during the period from 2014 to 2016, with a average annual incidence rate of 1.37/lakh. The ratio of male to female was 1.02：1. The highest incidence rate occurred among infants aged less than 5 years old, followed by people aged 20-34 years old. Scattered children and farmers belonged to the group of high incidence. Over 44.51% of measles cases had no history of vaccination, among which 69.23% were 8-17 months old cases and 22.58% were 18-59 months old cases.Trends in the incidence were basically similar during the period. And the total amount of measles cases from February to July was the most, which accounted for 90.85% of all cases. Higher incidence rates were reported in Neihuang. In the city, there were 47 towns and offices with ≥1 cases reported in 2015. Conclusion In recent years, measles had a comeback trend in Anyang, and eradication of measles remains an arduous task. There was a significant difference in the incidence of measles at different ages. And young children should be the main population with more concern. The key measures to reduce the incidence of measles are to increase the rate of vaccination and strengthen the monitoring of measles.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 进展 

分 类 号：R181.22[医药卫生—流行病学] R186[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]