基于物质流分析的中国城镇家庭代谢核算  

Chinese urban household metabolism accounting based on material flow analysis

作　　者：严丽[1,2] 刘晶茹 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2017年第9期1682-1691,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金项目(71533004)

摘　　要：随着可持续消费理论的深入研究,城镇家庭作为终端消费部门,成为可持续消费的主要研究对象,因此针对城镇家庭开展"细胞尺度"的环境影响评价非常重要且必要。本文基于物质流分析方法,建立了中国城镇家庭物质流核算框架,为物质流分析在家庭层面的研究提供了新思路。以2015年平均一个城镇家庭为研究对象,计算了城镇家庭的平均物质资源交换情况。结果显示:2015年平均一个城镇家庭的直接物质投入为86420.92kg,物质输出量为83457.98kg,物质存量净增加为2 374.08kg;从消费类别上看,居住、食品和交通是主要的物质投入来源。针对中国城镇家庭消费的现状,本文提出对应政策建议,倡导居民改变不可持续的消费理念,向可持续的家庭消费模式转变。As research into sustainable consumption theory advances,urban households as the final consumption sector have become the main research focus in sustainable development. It is important and necessary to carry out‘cell-scale＇environmental impact assessments at the urban household level. Based on Material Flow Accounting,we built an accounting framework for urban household material flow to provide a new focus for household-scale material flow analysis. We selected an average urban household as the system boundary,72 products and water and energy for household use as the research scope. We then measured input,output and stock of resource use of an average urban household in 2015. The concept of an average urban household originates from the China Statistic Yearbook 2016,and there are 2.90 persons per household. Results show that the direct material input（DMI）of an average urban household in 2015 was 86 420 kg,and the material output was 83 457 kg,thereby the net addition to stock（NAS）was 2374 kg per household. As for material categories,water input accounted for the largest proportion,whereas the other 9% was important in total material input structure and deserved more attention and exploration. Mineral input fell into the second group,due to an increase in new residential buildings and purchase of durable goods. Biomass followed as the third,and food made the most contribution to biomass input. In terms of consumption categories,housing,food and transportation were the main sources of material input. For current urban household consumption,we present appropriate polices to encourage residents to change their unsustainable consumption concepts to sustainable household consumption patterns,such as consumption reduction,sharing economy,ecological design for products and green infrastructure.

关 键 词：家庭代谢 物质流分析 可持续消费 城市代谢 

分 类 号：F126[经济管理—世界经济]