机器人辅助膝关节置换术的术前规划研究综述  

Review of the Preoperative Planning of Robot Assisted Knee Arthroplasty

作　　者：雷静桃[1] 唐明瑶 王君臣[2] 胡磊[2] 王田苗[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学机电工程与自动化学院,上海200072 [2]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2017年第17期78-91,共14页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(863计划;SS2012AA041604;2015AA043201)

摘　　要：膝关节置换术是治疗严重膝关节病变的骨科手术,进行胫骨和股骨病变部位的截骨操作并用人工假体替换,实现缓解膝关节病人疼痛和恢复患者膝关节功能。机器人辅助膝关节置换术的术前规划,根据患者膝关节的CT或MRI扫描图像,基于逆向工程技术重建患膝的三维数字化模型,在三维可视化软件导航下,进行股骨和胫骨截骨平面确定,为医生确定最佳手术方案、辅助医生完成精准的手术操作提供三维可视化界面。综述机器人辅助膝关节置换术的术前规划系统,包括关节三维模型重建、假体设计及术前预植入、下肢生物力线测量、植入假体关节生物力学分析等,阐述了国内外术前规划的研究现状及关键技术,分析了机器人辅助关节置换术的术前规划技术发展趋势。Knee arthroplasty is a common treatment for severe knee joint diseases. The osteotomy is performed on the tibial and femoral lesions, replacing the cut parts with artificial prosthesis to achieve the relief of pain and recover the functions of knee. The preoperative planning of robot-assisted knee arthroplasty is that：According to the CT or MRI scan data of patient＇s knee, the three-dimensional digital model is reconstructed by the reverse modeling technology, and the preoperative planning of the robot-assisted knee arthroplasty can be performed, which will provide a three dimensional visual interface for doctors determining the best operation program, and assist doctors to complete precise operations. This paper reviews the preoperative planning system of the robot-assisted knee arthroplasty, including the three-dimensional model reconstruction, preoperative prosthesis design and pre-implantation, knee alignment measurement, the biomechanics analysis of knee with implant, and so on. The research status at home and abroad and key technologies of the preoperative planning system is summarized. The development trends of the preoperative planning of the robot-assisted knee arthroplasty are analyzed.

关 键 词：膝关节置换术 术前规划 三维模型重建 下肢力线测量 假体植入 生物力学分析 

分 类 号：TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]