遮阴对“温185”核桃叶片生理特性的影响  

Effect of Shading on Physiological Characteristic of ‘Wen 185' Walnut Leaves

作　　者：张述斌 张锐[1,2] 徐崇志 郭留洋 高山 郭龙[4] 张建良[4] 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团南疆特色果树生产工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆生产建设兵团第一师3团林业站,新疆阿拉尔843011

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第18期28-34,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2014BAC14B05);兵团少数民族聚居团场科技特派员科技帮扶资助项目(2013AA002);塔里木大学研究生创新资助项目(TDGRI201612)

摘　　要：以"温185"核桃为试材,设置不同梯度光照处理,研究了不同光照处理对叶片生理指标及叶片解剖结构的影响,以探究农业生产中核桃乔化密植枝条叶片相互遮阴对树体造成的影响。结果表明:43%光照条件短时间会提高叶片中Chl(a+b)的含量;当光照低于69%透光率时,对核桃树长时间遮阴会抑制Chl(a+b)的合成,84%的光照条件可以促进Chl(a+b)的合成;各遮阴处理下的脯氨酸含量极显著低于全光照条件;遮阴处理可以提高叶片水势、丙二醛,且二者随着遮阴程度的增加而增加;84%光照处理下的叶片气孔长度、气孔面积显著高于对照,但随着遮阴程度的加重,叶片表皮细胞长度、上下表皮厚度、海绵、栅栏组织厚度、海/栅、气孔密度、气孔面积均降低,气孔长度变大。试验表明,43%光照短时间遮阴不会对核桃产生影响;当光照低于69%时,长时间遮阴会对核桃生长产生影响,84%光照对核桃生长具有一定的促进作用。Walnut is a kind of tall tree and closely cultivated species in agricultural production,so is shaded seriously among tree body.Our aim is to explore the effects of severe shading on walnut trees.‘Wen 185＇walnut cultivars were selected as the test material and with white nylon mesh for their artificial shade in the walnut leaf stage.The effects of different light treatments on physiological indexes and leaf anatomical structure of leaves were studied.The results showed that,shading for a short time,43% lighting conditions will improve Chl（a＋b）contents of walnut′s leaves.For a long time,Chl（a＋b）contents will be limited when light was lower 69%lighting conditions,and the light reached 84% of natural light,it could improve the growth of Chl（a＋b）contents.Variance analysis showed that the proline contents of 100% natural light was significantly higher than that of shading conditions.On the other hand,shading reduced the water potential and MDA.The length and size of stomata of 84% lighting condition were significantly higher than that of CK.With the increased of shade degree,the length of epidermal cell,thickness of the upper and lower epidermis,sponges tissue thickness,palisade tissue thickness,ratio of spongy tissue and palisade tissue,stomatal density and area were decreased,stomatal length became longer.The conclusion was,for a short time of sever shade would not affect the walnut,if a long time shading on the walnut tree,when the light was lower than 69%,it could inhibit the growth of walnut,however slight shade（84%light conditions）would promote physiological effects in walnut trees.

关 键 词：核桃 生育期 光照 叶片生理 叶片解剖结构 

分 类 号：S664.101[农业科学—果树学]