政治哲学视域下的儿童正义问题  

Justice for Children from the Perspective of Political Philosophy

作　　者：亓光 QI Guang

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《思想战线》2017年第5期95-102,共8页Thinking

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"当代中国公正话语体系构建研究"阶段性成果(13CZZ002)

摘　　要：儿童由于其特殊道德地位——儿童—成人的差异性的特殊性——决定了儿童正义既是社会正义的具体类型,又不同其他具体的社会正义类型。在儿童—成人的差异性的具体表象中,能力匮乏是其得以居于儿童正义问题核心的决定因素。在道德哲学谱系中,能力进路致力于解决此种匮乏而成为正义理论的重要流派,但一般性的能力进路难以解决儿童的能力匮乏问题,必须在扬弃能力进路的正义观的基础上,揭示儿童正义的实质——特殊的能力养成。为此,特殊的能力清单应让步于能力的特殊性,以客观位置性为角度,从儿童主体的维度、社会正义的维度、能力养成的维度来揭示和解释儿童正义所需的特殊能力的选择标准。The special moral status of children or the particularity caused by the differences be- tween children and adults determines that although justice for children is a specific type of social justice, it is different from other specific types of social justice. Of the concrete manifestations of the differences between children and adults, lack of capabilities is the decisive factor at the core of the is- sue of justice for children. In moral philosophy, capability approach, known as the Sen ＆ Nussbaum approach, has become an important school of justice theory for its focus on solving the problem of the lack of such capabilities. However, the general capability approach can hardly be used to deal with the problem of children＇s lack of capabilities. It is necessary to remove the useless part of justice in capability approach to reveal the true nature of justice for children the cultivation of special capabilities. To do that, the list of capabilities should give way to particularity of capabilities. The selection criteria for special capabilities required by justice for children should be revealed and interpreted objectively from three aspects： children as subjects, social justice and cultivation of capabilities.

关 键 词：儿童正义 能力进路 社会正义 “儿童-成人的差异性” 福祉与发展 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]